P-2612HW Series 802.11g Wireless ADSL VoIP IAD Default Login Details IP Address http://192.168.1.1 User Login User Name: user Password: user Administrator Login User Name: admin Password: 1234 Firmware Version 3.70 Edition 2, 5/2009 www.zyxel.com www.zyxel.
About This User's Guide About This User's Guide Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology. Related Documentation • Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
About This User's Guide • Product model and serial number. • Warranty Information. • Date that you received your device. • Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Document Conventions Document Conventions Warnings and Notes These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device. Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations. Syntax Conventions • The P-2612HW Series may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
Document Conventions Icons Used in Figures Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.
Safety Warnings Safety Warnings • Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. • Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids. • Do NOT store things on the device. • Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device. • Do NOT open the device or unit.
Safety Warnings 8 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
Contents Overview Contents Overview Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 23 Introducing the ZyXEL Device ................................................................................................... 25 Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 31 Wizards................................................................
Contents Overview 10 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents Table of Contents About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 5 Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 7 Contents Overview .......................................................
Table of Contents 3.3 Wireless Connection Wizard Setup ..................................................................................... 46 3.3.1 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key .............................................................................. 49 3.3.2 Manually Assign a WEP Key ...................................................................................... 50 3.4 VoIP Setup Wizard .........................................................................................................
Table of Contents 6.2 The Internet Access Setup Screen ................................................................................... 101 6.2.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup ............................................................................. 104 6.3 The More Connections Screen ......................................................................................... 105 6.3.1 More Connections Edit ............................................................................................
Table of Contents 8.2 AP Screen ........................................................................................................................ 140 8.2.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 142 8.2.2 WEP Encryption ....................................................................................................... 143 8.2.3 WPA(2)-PSK ..........................................................................
Table of Contents 10.1.2 What You Need to Know About VoIP ..................................................................... 186 10.1.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................... 187 10.2 The SIP Settings Screen ................................................................................................ 187 10.3 The Advanced SIP Setup Screen ...................................................................................
Table of Contents 12.3.2 Customized Services ............................................................................................ 240 12.3.3 Configuring a Customized Service ....................................................................... 241 12.4 The Firewall Threshold Screen ........................................................................................ 241 12.4.1 Threshold Values ...................................................................................................
Table of Contents 14.9.7 Keep Alive .............................................................................................................. 283 14.9.8 Remote DNS Server .............................................................................................. 283 14.9.9 ID Type and Content .............................................................................................. 284 14.9.10 Pre-Shared Key .......................................................................................
Table of Contents Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS)....................................................................................................... 337 18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 337 18.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens .................................................................. 337 18.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS .........................................................
Table of Contents 21.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 375 Part III: Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications ............. 383 Chapter 22 System ................................................................................................................................... 385 22.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
Table of Contents 25.4 Restart ............................................................................................................................. 426 25.5 Using FTP or TFTP to Back Up Configuration ................................................................ 426 25.5.1 Using the FTP Commands to Back Up Configuration ............................................ 426 25.5.2 FTP Command Configuration Backup Example ................................................... 427 25.5.
Table of Contents Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 495 Appendix D Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 507 Appendix E Common Services............................................................................................. 531 Appendix F Legal Information .............................................................................................
Table of Contents 22 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
P ART I Introduction Introducing the ZyXEL Device (25) Introducing the Web Configurator (31) Wizards (39) Tutorial (57) 23
CHAPTER 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.1 Overview The P-2612HW Series is an Integrated Access Device (IAD) that combines an ADSL2+ router with Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities to allow you to use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with ease of installation and high-speed, shared Internet access. The ZyXEL Device is also a complete security solution with a robust firewall and content filtering.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly). Figure 1 ZyXEL Device’s Router Features LAN Internet You can also configure firewall and content filtering on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access. When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.1.2 VoIP Features You can register up to 2 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) accounts and use the ZyXEL Device to make and receive VoIP telephone calls: Figure 2 ZyXEL Device’s VoIP Features A Internet B PSTN • Peer-to-Peer calls (A) - Use the ZyXEL Device to make a call to the recipient’s IP address without using a SIP proxy server.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device 1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device Do the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively. • Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters. • Write down the password and put it in a safe place. • Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device Table 1 LED Descriptions LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION WLAN Green DSL INTERNET Green Green On The wireless network is activated and is operating in IEEE 802.11b/g mode. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients. Off The wireless network is not activated. On This light applies when the ZyXEL Device is in DSL WAN mode. The DSL line is up. Blinking The ZyXEL Device is initializing the DSL line. Off The DSL line is down.
Chapter 1 Introducing the ZyXEL Device configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the passwords will be reset to the defaults. 1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking). 2 To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts. 1.
CHAPTER 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 2.1 Web Configurator Overview The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels. In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 4 A password screen displays. Type “admin” (default) as the username and “1234” as the password, and click Login. Click Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login. Figure 4 Password Screen Note: For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen Figure 5 Main Screen A B C D As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts: • A - title bar • B - navigation panel • C - main window • D - status bar 2.2.1 Title Bar The title bar allows you to change the language and provides some icons in the upper right corner.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator The icons provide the following functions. Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar ICON DESCRIPTION Wizards: Click this icon to go to the configuration wizards. See Chapter 3 on page 39 for more information. Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator. 2.2.2 Navigation Panel Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL Device features. The following tables describe each menu item.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK NAT TAB FUNCTION General Use this screen to use WPS to set up your wireless network. Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world. Address Mapping Use this screen to configure network address translation mapping rules. ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG. SIP Settings Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s Voice over IP settings.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK TAB FUNCTION Setup Use this screen to configure each VPN tunnel. Monitor Use this screen to look at the current status of each VPN tunnel. VPN Global Setting Use this screen to allow NetBIOS traffic through VPN tunnels. My Certificates Use this screen to generate and export self-signed certificates or certification requests and import the ZyXEL Device’s CA-signed certificates.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary LINK Remote MGMT UPnP TAB FUNCTION HTTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the ZyXEL Device. Telnet Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator 2.2.3 Main Window The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document. Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 5 on page 89 for more information about the Status screen. 2.2.4 Status Bar Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration has been updated.
CHAPTER 3 Wizards 3.1 Overview Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access, wireless, and making calls over the Internet with the information given to you by your ISP. Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields. 3.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup 1 Click the wizard icon ( ) in the top right corner of the web configurator to go to the wizards.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3a The following screen appears if a connection is not detected. Check your hardware connections and click Restart the INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP Wizard to return to the wizard welcome screen. If you still cannot connect, click Manually configure your Internet connection. Follow the directions in the wizard and enter your Internet setup information as provided to you by your ISP. See Section 3.2.1 on page 42 for more details.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3c The following screen appears if the ZyXEL device detects a connection but not the connection type. Click Next and refer to Section 3.2.1 on page 42 on how to manually configure the ZyXEL Device for Internet access.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3.2.1 Manual Configuration 1 If the ZyXEL Device fails to detect your DSL connection type but the physical line is connected, enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your service provider gave it to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given information.
Chapter 3 Wizards The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 4 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters LABEL DESCRIPTION Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly.
Chapter 3 Wizards Note: When you use the connection wizard to configure the Internet access using PPPoE, the ZyXEL Device is set to get an IP address from the ISP automatically. To set up a static WAN IP address with PPPoE, use the Network > WAN screen. Figure 11 Internet Connection with PPPoE The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 5 44 Internet Connection with PPPoE LABEL DESCRIPTION User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned.
Chapter 3 Wizards Figure 12 Internet Connection with DHCP (ENET ENCAP) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 6 Internet Connection with DHCP (ENET ENCAP) LABEL DESCRIPTION Obtain an IP Address Automatical ly A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Static IP Address Select Static IP Address if your ISP gave you an IP address to use.
Chapter 3 Wizards Table 6 Internet Connection with DHCP (ENET ENCAP) (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Exit Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving your changes. • If the user name and/or password you entered for PPPoE connection are not correct, the screen displays as shown next. Click Back to Username and Password setup to go back to the screen where you can modify them.
Chapter 3 Wizards 1 Select Yes and click Next to configure wireless settings. Otherwise, select No and skip to Step 6. Figure 15 Connection Test Successful 2 Use this screen to activate the wireless LAN. Click Next to continue. Figure 16 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1 The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1 LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN. Back Click Back to display the previous screen.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3 Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next. Figure 17 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 2 LABEL DESCRIPTION Network Name(SSID) Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN. If you change this field on the ZyXEL Device, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3.3.1 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key Choose Manually assign a WPA-PSK key in the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key. Figure 18 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 Manually Assign a WPA key LABEL DESCRIPTION Pre-Shared Key Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3.3.2 Manually Assign a WEP Key Choose Manually assign a WEP key to setup WEP Encryption parameters. Figure 19 Manually Assign a WEP key The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 Manually Assign a WEP key LABEL DESCRIPTION Key The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Chapter 3 Wizards 6 Use the read-only summary table to check whether what you have configured is correct. Click Finish to complete and save the wizard setup. Note: No wireless LAN settings display if you chose not to configure wireless LAN settings. Figure 21 Internet Access and WLAN Wizard Setup Complete 7 Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Internet access is just the beginning.
Chapter 3 Wizards 3.4.1 SIP Settings Figure 22 VoIP Setup Wizard > SIP Settings The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 VoIP Setup Wizard > SIP Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP1 (- SIP10) Settings Use this screen to configure SIP settings for up to 10 SIP accounts. SIP Number Enter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI (like 1234@VoIPprovider.com), this is the part before the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.
Chapter 3 Wizards Table 11 VoIP Setup Wizard > SIP Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Password Enter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII Extended set characters. Check here to set up SIP settings Select this if you want to set up additional SIP accounts. < Back Click this to go to the previous screen. Apply Click this to register your SIP account(s). Exit Click this to close this screen and return to the main screen. 3.4.
Chapter 3 Wizards The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 VoIP Setup Wizard > Registration Complete (Success) LABEL DESCRIPTION Return to Wizard Main Page Click this to open the main wizard screen. See Section 3.2 on page 39. Go to Advanced Setup page Click this to close this screen and return to the main screen. Finish Click this to close this screen and return to the main screen.
Chapter 3 Wizards Table 13 VoIP Setup Wizard > Registration Complete (Fail) LABEL DESCRIPTION Register Again Click this if you want the ZyXEL Device to try to register your SIP account(s) again. Exit Click this to close this screen and return to the main screen. The ZyXEL Device saves the information you provided.
Chapter 3 Wizards 56 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 4 Tutorial 4.1 Overview This chapter describes: • how to set up a wireless network. • how to use NAT with multiple public IP addresses. • how to use NAT with multiple game players. • how to make a VoIP call. 4.2 How to Set up a Wireless Network This section gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless clients can access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device wirelessly. 4.2.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4.2.2 Configuring the AP Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP. 1 Open the Network > Wireless LAN > AP screen in the AP’s web configurator. Figure 25 AP: Wireless LAN > AP 58 2 Make sure Active Wireless LAN is selected. 3 Enter “SSID_Example3” as the SSID and select a channel which is not used by another AP. 4 Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey” in the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 5 Click the Advanced Setup button and select Mixed in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply. Figure 26 AP: Wireless LAN > AP > Advanced Setup 6 Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface Status.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 7 Click the WLAN Status hyperlink in the AP’s Status screen. You can see if any wireless client has connected to the AP. Figure 28 AP: Status: WLAN Station Status 4.2.3 Configuring the Wireless Client This section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network. 4.2.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN The following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL utility, as in the following diagram.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next. Figure 29 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey 2 The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP or peer computer.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to continue. Figure 31 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save 5 The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays details of the active connection.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4.2.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile A profile lets you easily connect to the same wireless network again later. You can also configure different profiles for different networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at home and at work. This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to an AP configured for WPA-PSK security.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In this example, WPA-PSK). Figure 35 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security 5 This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the default setting. Figure 36 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption 6 In the next screen, leave both boxes selected. Figure 37 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 7 Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the next screen. Figure 38 Profile: Confirm Save 8 Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the Activate Later button. If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile screen and click Connect to activate it. Note: Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4.3 Using NAT with Multiple Public IP Addresses This chapter shows you examples of how to set up your ZyXEL Device if you have more than one fixed (static) IP address from your ISP. 4.3.1 Example Parameters and Scenario The following table shows the public IP addresses from your ISP and your ZyXEL Device’s LAN IP address. Public IP Addresses 1.2.3.4 to 1.2.3.7 ZyXEL Device’s LAN IP Address 192.168.1.1 The following figure shows the network you want to set up in this example.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 Configure the WAN connection to use the first public IP address (1.2.3.4). 2 Configure NAT address mapping for other public IP addresses (1.2.3.5 and 1.2.3.6). 3 Configure NAT port forwarding to forward FTP traffic from the WAN to a specific computer on your local network. 4.3.2 Configuring the WAN Connection with a Static IP Address The following table shows the information your ISP gave you for Internet connection. Encapsulation PPPoE VPI/VCI 8/33 Public IP Addresses 1.2.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 68 1 Click Network > WAN. 2 Make sure the DSL/WAN switch (on the back of the ZyXEL Device) is pushed to the DSL side and the WAN mode is ADSL WAN. 3 Select Routing in the Mode field and select PPPoE from the Encapsulation drop-down list box. 4 Enter the information (such as the user name, password and VPI/VCI value) provided by your ISP. If your ISP didn’t give you the service name, leave the field blank.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 7 Click Apply to save your changes.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 8 Go to the Status screen to check your WAN connection status. Make sure the status is not down. Figure 43 Tutorial Example: Status 4.3.3 Public IP Address Mapping To have the local computers and servers use specific WAN IP addresses, you need to map static public IP addresses to them. Note: The one-to-one NAT address mapping rules are for both incoming and outgoing connections.
Chapter 4 Tutorial computers on the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device’s LAN IP address to use this IP address to access the Internet. Figure 44 Tutorial Example: Mapping Multiple Public IP Addresses to Inside Servers LAN 192.168.1.39 WAN Mapping rules: 192.168.1.12 <---> 1.2.3.5 (1-1) 192.168.1.13 <---> 1.2.3.6 (1-1) Other outgoing LAN traffic ---> 1.2.3.4 (M-1) 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5 1.2.3.6 1.2.3.7 192.168.1.39 Web 192.168.1.12 Internet Mail 192.168.1.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 Click the first rule’s Edit icon ( ) in the Modify column to display the Edit Address Mapping Rule screen. Figure 46 Tutorial Example: NAT > Address Mapping 5 Map a public IP address to the web server. Select the One-to-One type and enter 192.168.1.12 as the local start IP address and 1.2.3.5 as the global start IP address. Click Apply. Figure 47 Tutorial Example: NAT Address Mapping Edit: One-to-One (1) 6 72 Click the second rule’s Edit icon ( ).
Chapter 4 Tutorial 7 Map a public IP address to the mail server. Select the One-to-One type and enter 192.168.1.13 as the local start IP address and 1.2.3.6 as the global start IP address. Click Apply. Figure 48 Tutorial Example: NAT Address Mapping Edit: One-to-One (2) 8 Click the third rule’s Edit icon ( ). 9 Map a public IP address to other outgoing LAN traffic. Select the Many-to-One type and enter 192.168.1.1 as the local start IP address, 192.168.1.254 as the local end IP address and 1.2.3.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 10 After the configurations, the Address Mapping screen looks as shown. You still have one IP address (1.2.3.7) that can be assigned to another internal server when you expand your network. Figure 50 Tutorial Example: NAT Address Mapping Done Note: To allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyXEL Device, you must also create a firewall rule. Refer to Section 4.3.5 on page 75 for more information. 4.3.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 Click Network > NAT > Address Mapping. 2 Click the forth rule’s Edit icon ( Figure 52 ) to configure a server rule. Tutorial Example: NAT Address Mapping Edit: Server 3 Select a number and click the Edit Details link to edit a port forwarding set. 4 Select FTP from the Service Name drop-down list box, and enter “192.168.1.39” as the server IP address. Click Add to add the rule to the table. 5 Click Apply to go back to the Edit Address Mapping Rule screen. Click Apply again.
Chapter 4 Tutorial • Mail server • FTP server Figure 54 Tutorial Example: Allow WAN-to-LAN Traffic LAN WAN FTP 192.168.1.39 FTP 192.168.1.39 Web 192.168.1.12 Internet Mail 192.168.1.13 1 Click Security > Firewall. 2 Make sure the firewall is enabled and traffic from the WAN to the LAN is dropped. Figure 55 Tutorial Example: Firewall > General 3 76 Go to the Rules screen.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4 Select the WAN to LAN packet direction and click the Add button to create a new firewall rule. Figure 56 Tutorial Example: Firewall Rules: WAN to LAN 5 Configure a firewall rule to allow traffic from the WAN to the web server. Select Any in the Destination Address List box and click Delete. Select Single Address as the destination address type. Enter “192.168.1.12” and click Add >>.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 6 Select Any(All) in the Available Services box on the left, and click Add >> to add it to the Selected Services box on the right. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 7 Click the Add button to configure a firewall rule to allow traffic from the WAN to the mail server. Select Any in the Destination Address List box and click Delete. Select Single Address as the destination address type. Enter “192.168.1.13” and click Add.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 8 Select Any(All) in the Available Services box on the left, and click Add >> to add it to the Selected Services box on the right. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 9 Click the Add button to configure a firewall rule to allow FTP traffic from the WAN to the FTP server. Select Any in the Destination Address List box and click Delete. Select Single Address as the destination address type. Enter “192.168.1.39” and click Add.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 10 Select FTP(TCP:20,21) in the Available Services box on the left, and click Add >> to add it to the Selected Services box on the right. Click Apply. Figure 62 Tutorial Example: Firewall Rule: WAN to LAN Service Edit for FTP Server 11 When you are done, the Rules screen looks as shown.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 4.3.6 Testing the Connections 1 Open the web browser on one of the local computers and enter any web site’s URL in the address bar. If you can access the web site, your WAN connection and NAT address mapping are configured successfully. If you cannot access it, make sure you entered the correct information in the WAN and NAT Address Mapping screens. Also check that the Internet account is active and the computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 4 Tutorial When you finish configuration, the screen looks as shown. Figure 64 Tutorial Example: NAT Address Mapping Done: Game Playing Note: To allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyXEL Device, you must also create a firewall rule. Refer to Section 4.3.5 on page 75 for more information. 4.5 How to Make a VoIP Call You can register a SIP account with the SIP server and make voice calls over the Internet to another VoIP device. 4.5.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 3 Go to the Status screen to check if your SIP account has been registered successfully. If registration failed, check your Internet connection and click Register to register your SIP account again. Figure 65 Tutorial Example: Status 4.5.1.2 Analog Phone Configuration 1 Click VoIP > Phone to open the Analog Phone screen. 2 Select Phone1 to configure the first phone port.
Chapter 4 Tutorial 5 Click Apply to save your changes. Figure 66 Tutorial Example: Analog Phone 4.5.1.3 Making a VoIP Call 86 1 Make sure you connect a telephone to the first phone port on the ZyXEL Device. 2 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is on and connected to the Internet. 3 Pick up the phone receiver. 4 Dial the VoIP phone number you want to call.
P ART II Advanced Status Screens (89) WAN Setup (99) LAN Setup (121) Wireless LAN (137) Network Address Translation (NAT) (169) Voice (185) Phone Usage (221) Firewall (229) Content Filtering (251) VPN (257) Certificates (291) Static Route (321) 802.
CHAPTER 5 Status Screens Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces (LAN, WAN and WLAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and unregister SIP accounts. The Status screen also provides detailed information from Any IP and DHCP and statistics from VoIP, and traffic. 5.1 Status Screen Click Status to open this screen. The screen varies slightly depending on the WAN mode you set using the DSL/WAN switch.
Chapter 5 Status Screens Figure 68 Status Screen (Ethernet WAN mode) Each field is described in the following table. Table 14 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen. Apply Click this to update this screen immediately. Device Information Host Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification. You can change this in the Maintenance > System > General screen’s System Name field.
Chapter 5 Status Screens Table 14 Status Screen LABEL DSL Mode DESCRIPTION This field is not available when the WAN mode is Ethernet WAN. This is the DSL standard that your ZyXEL Device is using. IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it. IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN. Default Gateway This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable.
Chapter 5 Status Screens Table 14 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION System Uptime This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it last started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it (see Section 1.5 on page 29). Current Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting.
Chapter 5 Status Screens Table 14 Status Screen LABEL DESCRIPTION AnyIP Table Click this link to view a list of IP addresses and MAC addresses of computers, which are not in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. See Section 5.2 on page 94. WLAN Status Click this link to display the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations that are currently associating with the ZyXEL Device. See Section 5.3 on page 94. VPN Status Click this link to view the ZyXEL Device’s current VPN connections. See Section 14.
Chapter 5 Status Screens 5.2 Any IP Table Click Status > AnyIP Table to access this screen. Use this screen to view the IP address and MAC address of each computer that is using the ZyXEL Device but is in a different subnet than the ZyXEL Device. Figure 69 Any IP Table Each field is described in the following table. Table 15 Any IP Table LABEL DESCRIPTION # This field is a sequential value. It is not associated with a specific entry.
Chapter 5 Status Screens The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 16 WLAN Status LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the index number of an associated wireless station. MAC Address This field displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated wireless station. Association TIme This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the ZyXEL Device. Refresh Click Refresh to reload this screen. 5.
Chapter 5 Status Screens The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 17 Packet Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION System Monitor System up Time This is the elapsed time the system has been up. Current Date/ Time This field displays your ZyXEL Device’s present date and time. CPU Usage This field specifies the percentage of CPU utilization. Memory Usage This field specifies the percentage of memory utilization. WAN Port Statistics Link Status This is the status of your WAN link.
Chapter 5 Status Screens 5.5 VoIP Statistics Click Status > VoIP Statistics to access this screen. Figure 72 VoIP Statistics Each field is described in the following table. Table 18 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Status Account This column displays each SIP account in the ZyXEL Device. Registration This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You can change this in the Status screen. Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server.
Chapter 5 Status Screens Table 18 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION Last Outgoing Number This field displays the last number the SIP account called. It displays N/ A if the SIP account has never dialed a number. Call Statistics Phone This field displays each phone port in the ZyXEL Device. Hook This field indicates whether the phone is on the hook or off the hook. On - The phone is hanging up or already hung up. Off - The phone is dialing, calling, or connected.
CHAPTER 6 WAN Setup 6.1 Overview This chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access. A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations. Figure 73 LAN and WAN LAN WAN Internet 6.1.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.1.2 What You Need to Know About WAN Encapsulation Method Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA, they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.2 The Internet Access Setup Screen Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN settings. Click Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup. The screen differs by the WAN mode and encapsulation you select.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION WAN Mode When you set the DSL/WAN switch (on the back of the ZyXEL Device) to the DSL side, this shows ADSL WAN. The WAN port will be disabled automatically. When you set the DSL/WAN switch (on the back of the ZyXEL Device) to the WAN side, this shows Ethernet WAN. The DSL port will be disabled automatically.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 19 Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address This option is available if you set the WAN mode to Ethernet WAN or select Routing in the Mode field. A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.2.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings. Click the Advanced Setup button in the Internet Access Setup screen. The screen appears as shown. Figure 75 Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup: Advanced Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 20 Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup: Advanced Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION ATM QoS ATM QoS Type These fields are not available if you set the WAN mode to Ethernet WAN. Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup access, you are configuring the first WAN connection. This screen is not available if you set the WAN type to Ethernet in the Internet Access Setup screen. Figure 76 Network > WAN > More Connections The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 21 Network > WAN > More Connections LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection. Active This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.3.1 More Connections Edit Click the edit icon in the More Connections screen to configure a connection. Figure 77 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 22 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this connection. Name Enter a unique, descriptive name of up to 13 ASCII characters for this connection.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 22 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Mode Select Routing from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple computers to share an Internet account. If you select Bridge, the ZyXEL Device will forward any packet that it does not route to this remote node; otherwise, the packets are discarded. Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 22 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Connection Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected. Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup To edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings, click the Advanced Setup button in the More Connections Edit screen. The screen appears as shown. Figure 78 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 23 Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here. Sustain Cell Rate The Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (longterm) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.4 The WAN Backup Setup Screen Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s WAN backup. Click Network > WAN > WAN Backup Setup. This screen is not available if you set the WAN type to Ethernet in the Internet Access Setup screen. Figure 79 Network > WAN > WAN Backup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Network > WAN > WAN Backup LABEL DESCRIPTION Backup Type Select the method that the ZyXEL Device uses to check the DSL connection.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Table 24 Network > WAN > WAN Backup LABEL DESCRIPTION Recovery Interval When the ZyXEL Device is using a lower priority connection (usually a WAN backup connection), it periodically checks whether or not it can use a higher priority connection. Type the number of seconds (30 recommended) for the ZyXEL Device to wait between checks. Allow more time if your destination IP address handles lots of traffic.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.5.1.1 ENET ENCAP The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP requires that you specify a gateway IP address in the Gateway IP Address field in the wizard or WAN screen.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information. 6.5.2 Multiplexing There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation In this case the IP address assignment must be static. IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields as supplied by your ISP.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.5.8 Traffic Shaping Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections. Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 6.6 Traffic Redirect Traffic redirect forwards traffic to a backup gateway when the ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the Internet. An example is shown in the figure below. Figure 81 Traffic Redirect Example LAN WAN Internet Backup Gateway The following network topology allows you to avoid triangle route security issues when the backup gateway is connected to the LAN.
Chapter 6 WAN Setup 120 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 7 LAN Setup 7.1 Overview A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses. LAN DSL Internet • See Section 7.5 on page 129 for more information on LANs. • See Appendix C on page 495 for more information on IP addresses and subnetting. 7.1.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup 7.1.2 What You Need To Know About LAN IP Address Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an Internet Protocol address. Subnet Mask The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup and subnet mask of your ZyXEL Device and configure the DNS server information that the ZyXEL Device sends to the DHCP client devices on the LAN. Figure 83 Network > LAN > IP The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 25 Network > LAN > IP LABEL DESCRIPTION LAN TCP/IP IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Chapter 7 LAN Setup Table 25 Network > LAN > IP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Pool Starting Address This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool. Pool Size This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool. Remote DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above then enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server here.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup Multicast and IGMP Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1. IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. There are two versions 1 and 2.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup Table 26 Network > LAN > IP > Advanced Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Any IP Setup Enable Any IP to allow a computer to access the Internet without changing its network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask), even when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same subnet.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup Click Network > LAN > Client List to open the following screen. Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s static DHCP settings. Figure 85 Network > LAN > Client List The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 27 Network > LAN > Client List LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify. MAC Address Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup 7.4 The LAN IP Alias Screen IP alias partitions a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyXEL Device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for each LAN network. With IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access between the LAN's logical networks (subnets). The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A, B, and C.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 28 Network > LAN > IP Alias LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Alias 1, 2 Select this to configure another LAN network for the ZyXEL Device. IP Address Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation. Alternatively, click the right mouse button to copy and/or paste the IP address. IP Subnet Mask Your ZyXEL Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup 7.5.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next. Figure 88 LAN and WAN IP Addresses LAN WAN Internet 7.5.2 DHCP Setup DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup • The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the DHCP Setup screen. • Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup • None - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received. The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup configure the network settings of the computer every time you want to access the Internet via the ZyXEL Device. With the Any IP feature and NAT enabled, the ZyXEL Device allows a computer to access the Internet without changing the network settings (such as IP address and subnet mask) of the computer, when the IP addresses of the computer and the ZyXEL Device are not in the same subnet.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup The following lists out the steps taken, when a computer tries to access the Internet for the first time through the ZyXEL Device. 1 When a computer (which is in a different subnet) first attempts to access the Internet, it sends packets to its default gateway (which is not the ZyXEL Device) by looking at the MAC address in its ARP table. 2 When the computer cannot locate the default gateway, an ARP request is broadcast on the LAN.
Chapter 7 LAN Setup 136 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 8 Wireless LAN 8.1 Overview The blue circle marks a wireless LAN in the following figure. Wireless clients (A and B) connect to an access point (AP) to access other devices (such as the printer) or the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device works as an AP when you install a compatible WLAN card. Figure 90 Example of a Wireless Network Ethernet AP A B 8.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens This chapter describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network > Wireless LAN screens.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN • Use the AP screen (see Section 8.2 on page 140) to turn the wireless connection on or off, set up wireless security, configure the MAC filter, set up Quality of Service and make other basic configuration changes. • Use the Wireless LAN: Advanced Setup screen (see Section 8.2.5 on page 148) to change the wireless mode, and make other advanced wireless configuration changes. • Use the More AP screen (see Section 8.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN • An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network. • A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range. Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways. • An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN The MAC address filter controls access to the wireless network. You can use the MAC address of each wireless client to allow or deny access to the wireless network. Finding Out More • See Chapter 4 on page 57 for a tutorial showing how to set up your wireless connection in an example scenario. • See Section 8.9 on page 157 for advanced technical information on wireless networks. 8.1.3 Before You Start Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the AP screen. Figure 91 Network > Wireless LAN > AP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > AP LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Wireless LAN Click the check box to activate wireless LAN. Network Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > AP (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Cancel Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. Advanced Setup Click Advanced Setup to display the Wireless Advanced Setup screen and edit more details of your WLAN setup. 8.2.1 No Security Select No Security to allow wireless devices to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.2.2 WEP Encryption In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the AP screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list. Figure 93 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Static WEP Encryption The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Static WEP Encryption LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.2.3 WPA(2)-PSK In order to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication; click Network > Wireless LAN to display the AP screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list. Figure 94 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK LABEL DESCRIPTION ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication Screen In order to configure and enable WPA authentication; click the Wireless LAN link under Network to display the AP screen. Select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list. Figure 95 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2) The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen. Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2) 146 LABEL DESCRIPTION Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2) LABEL DESCRIPTION ReAuthentication Timer (in seconds) Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to stay connected. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 seconds. The default time interval is 1800 seconds (30 minutes). Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.2.5 Wireless LAN Advanced Setup To configure advanced wireless settings, click the Advanced Setup button in the AP screen. The screen appears as shown. Figure 96 Network > Wireless LAN > AP > Advanced Setup The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 Network > Wireless LAN > AP > Advanced Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Wireless Advanced Setup RTS/CTS Threshold Enter a value between 0 and 2432.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.3 More AP Screen This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple BSSs on the ZyXEL Device. Click Network > Wireless LAN > More AP. The following screen displays. Figure 97 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the index number of each SSID profile. Active Select the check box to activate an SSID profile.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.3.1 More AP Edit Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays. Figure 98 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP > Edit See Appendix E on page 531 for a list of commonly-used services and destination ports. The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.4 MAC Filter Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings. Click Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown. Figure 99 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 37 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION Active MAC Filter Select the check box to enable MAC address filtering.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Table 37 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to reload the previous configuration for this screen. 8.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Table 38 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS LABEL Generate WPS Status DESCRIPTION Click this button to have the ZyXEL Device create a new PIN. This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station LABEL DESCRIPTION Push Button Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Push Button on this screen.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS. The following screen displays. Figure 102 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 Network > Wireless LAN > WDS LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable WDS Security Select this option and the type of the key used to encrypt data between APs. All the wireless APs (including the ZyXEL Device) must use the same pre-shared key for data transmission.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.8 Scheduling Screen Click Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling to open the Wireless LAN Scheduling screen. Use this screen to configure when the ZyXEL Device enables or disables the wireless LAN. Figure 103 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling 156 LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Wireless LAN Scheduling Select this to activate wireless LAN scheduling on your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9 Wireless LAN Technical Reference This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix. 8.9.1 Additional Wireless Terms The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator. Table 42 Additional Wireless Terms TERM DESCRIPTION RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network. 8.9.2.2 MAC Address Filter Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9.2.4 Encryption Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section 8.9.2.3 on page 158 for information about this.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9.3 MBSSID Traditionally, you needed to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there was also the possibility of channel interference. The ZyXEL Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9.5 WiFi Protected Setup Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9.5.2 PIN Configuration Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method. Figure 105 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ENROLLEE REGISTRAR WPS This device’s WPS PIN: 123456 WPS Enter WPS PIN from other device: WPS START WPS START WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURE EAP TUNNEL SSID WPA(2)-PSK COMMUNICATION 8.9.5.3 How WPS Works When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point. Figure 106 How WPS works ACTIVATE WPS ACTIVATE WPS WITHIN 2 MINUTES WPS HANDSHAKE ENROLLEE REGISTRAR SECURE TUNNEL SECURITY INFO COMMUNICATION The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 8.9.5.4 Example WPS Network Setup This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup. The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead. Figure 109 WPS: Example Network Step 3 EXISTING CONNECTION CLIENT 1 E N TIO EC N ON GC N I T XIS AP1 REGISTRAR CLIENT 2 SE CU RIT Y ENROLLEE INF O AP2 8.9.5.5 Limitations of WPS WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware. • WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate).
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN • When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network. You can easily check to see if this has happened.
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN 168 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 9.1 Overview NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 9.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens • Use the NAT General Setup screen (Section 9.2 on page 170) to configure the NAT setup settings. • Use the Port Forwarding screen (Section 9.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) Click Network > NAT to open the following screen. Figure 110 Network > NAT > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 44 Network > NAT > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Network Address Translation (NAT) Select this check box to enable NAT. SUA Only Select this radio button if you have just one public WAN IP address for your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 9.3 Port Forwarding Note: This screen is available only when you select SUA only in the NAT > General screen. Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet. Figure 111 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example A=192.168.1.33 WAN LAN B=192.168.1.34 Internet 192.168.1.1 C=192.168.1.35 IP Address assigned by ISP D=192.168.1.36 9.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen Click Network > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 45 Network > NAT > Port Forwarding LABEL DESCRIPTION Default Server Setup Default Server In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 9.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Edit Use this screen to add or edit a port forwarding rule. Select User define in the Service Name field of the Port Forwarding screen or click an existing rule’s edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen to display the screen shown next. Figure 113 Network > NAT > Port Forwarding > Edit The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 9.4 Address Mapping Note: The Address Mapping screen is available only when you select Full Feature in the NAT > General screen. Ordering your rules is important because the ZyXEL Device applies the rules in the order that you specify. When a rule matches the current packet, the ZyXEL Device takes the corresponding action and the remaining rules are ignored.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) Table 47 Network > NAT > Address Mapping (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Global End IP This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is N/A for One-to-one, Many-to-One and Server mapping types. Type 1-1: One-to-one mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type. M-1: Many-to-One mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 48 Network > NAT > Address Mapping > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Type Choose the port mapping type from one of the following. One-to-One: One-to-One mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port numbers do not change for One-to-one NAT mapping type. Many-to-One: Many-to-One mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) Use this screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click Network > NAT > ALG. Figure 116 Network > NAT > ALG Each field is described in the following table. Table 49 Network > NAT > ALG LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable SIP ALG Select this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with portforwarding and address-mapping rules. Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information. Table 50 NAT Definitions ITEM DESCRIPTION Inside This refers to the host on the LAN. Outside This refers to the host on the WAN. Local This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN. Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 117 How NAT Works NAT Table LAN Inside Local IP Address 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.13 192.168.1.13 192.168.1.12 SA SA 192.168.1.10 IGA1 Inside Local Address (ILA) 192.168.1.11 Inside Global IP Address IGA 1 IGA 2 IGA 3 IGA 4 WAN Internet Inside Global Address (IGA) 192.168.1.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 9.5.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP alias) behind the ZyXEL Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. Figure 118 NAT Application With IP Alias Corporation B LAN2: 192.168.1.X Network Server “Admin=192.168.1.1 Corporation A Server in Admin Network =IP1 (IGA 1) NAT Server 192.168.1.1 LAN2: 192.168.2.X Network Server “Sales”=192.168.2.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) • Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyXEL Device maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. • Many-to-Many No Overload: In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the ZyXEL Device maps each local IP address to a unique global IP address. • Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world.
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) 184 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 10 Voice 10.1 Overview Use this chapter to: • Connect an analog phone to the ZyXEL Device. • Make phone calls over the Internet, as well as the regular phone network. • Configure settings such as speed dial and distinctive ringing. • Configure network settings to optimize the voice quality of your phone calls. 10.1.
Chapter 10 Voice • Use the Incoming Call Policy screen (Section 10.11 on page 203) to configure how the ZyXEL Device deals with incoming calls. • Use the SIP Prefix screen (Section 10.12 on page 205) to set up numbers you dial on your phone that specify which SIP account you want to use. You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your account.
Chapter 10 Voice See Section 10.13 on page 206 for advanced technical information on SIP. 10.1.3 Before You Begin • Before you can use these screens, you need to have a VoIP account already set up. If you don’t have one yet, you can sign up with a VoIP service provider over the Internet. • You should have the information your VoIP service provider gave you ready, before you start to configure the ZyXEL Device. 10.
Chapter 10 Voice Use this screen to maintain basic information about each SIP account. You can also enable and disable each SIP account. To access this screen, click VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings. Figure 119 VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings Each field is described in the following table. Table 52 VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Account Select the SIP account you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 52 VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION REGISTER Server Address Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same address you entered in the SIP Server Address field. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters. REGISTER Server Port Enter the SIP register server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one.
Chapter 10 Voice 10.3 The Advanced SIP Setup Screen Click VoIP > SIP > SIP Settings to open the SIP Settings screen. Select a SIP account and click Advanced Setup to open the Advanced SIP Setup screen. Use this screen to maintain advanced settings for each SIP account.
Chapter 10 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 53 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Account This field displays the SIP account you see in this screen. SIP Server Settings URL Type Select whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the ZyXEL Device sends the SIP number. SIP - include the SIP service domain name. TEL - do not include the SIP service domain name.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 53 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Primary Compression Type Select the ZyXEL Device’s first choice for voice coder/decoder. Secondary Compression Type Select the ZyXEL Device’s second choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if you only want the ZyXEL Device to accept the first choice. Third Compression Type Select the ZyXEL Device’s third choice for voice coder/decoder. Select None if you only want the ZyXEL Device to accept the first or second choice.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 53 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click this to save your changes and to apply them to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click this to set every field in this screen to its last-saved value. 10.4 The SIP QoS Screen Use this screen to maintain ToS and VLAN settings for the ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click VoIP > SIP > QoS. Figure 121 VoIP > SIP > QoS Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 10 Voice 10.5 The Analog Phone Screen Use this screen to control which SIP accounts and PSTN line each phone uses. To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone. Figure 122 VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone Each field is described in the following table. Table 55 VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone LABEL DESCRIPTION Phone Port Settings This is the phone port in the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 10 Voice Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression Voice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets the ZyXEL Device reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting “silent packets” when you are not speaking. Comfort Noise Generation When using VAD, the ZyXEL Device generates comfort noise when the other party is not speaking.
Chapter 10 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 56 VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced LABEL DESCRIPTION Analog Phone This field displays the analog phone port you see in this screen. Echo Cancellation Active G.168 Select this if you want to eliminate the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk. Fax Option This field controls how the ZyXEL Device handles fax messages. G.
Chapter 10 Voice 10.7 The Phone Settings Ext. Table Screen Each phone connected to the ZyXEL Device has an extension number so that it can be separately identified for intercom use. The default settings of extension numbers are shown in the following table. Table 57 Default Ext. Numbers PHONE DEFAULT EXT. NUMBER Analog Phone 1 11 Analog Phone 2 12 An extension number is composed of a group number and a sub number. If group number is not enabled, the extension number is simply the sub number.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 58 VoIP > Phone > Ext. Table LABEL Group Number DESCRIPTION Enter a group number for this phone. The maximum length of a group number is one digit. This is only available when the check box of Enable Group Number is selected. For example, you can assign Phone 1 and Phone 2 a group number “5” and leave the sub numbers at default (“11” and “12”). When you dial “5”, both Phone 1 and Phone 2 ring. If Phone 1 picks up the line first, it gets the line and Phone 2 stops ringing.
Chapter 10 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 59 VoIP > Phone > Common LABEL DESCRIPTION Immediate Dial Active Immediate Dial Select this if you want to use the pound key (#) to tell the ZyXEL Device to make the phone call immediately, instead of waiting the number of seconds you selected in the Dialing Interval Selection in VoIP > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced Setup. If you select this, dial the phone number, and then press the pound key.
Chapter 10 Voice Each field is described in the following table. Table 60 VoIP > Phone > Region LABEL DESCRIPTION Region Settings Select the place in which the ZyXEL Device is located. Call Service Mode Select the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call waiting, call transfer and three-way conference calls) that your VoIP service provider supports.
Chapter 10 Voice sends SIP INVITE requests to the peer VoIP device when you use the speed dial entry. Figure 127 Phone Book > Speed Dial Each field is described in the following table. Table 61 Phone Book > Speed Dial LABEL DESCRIPTION Speed Dial Use this section to create or edit speed-dial entries. # Select the speed-dial number you want to use for this phone number. Number Enter the SIP number you want the ZyXEL Device to call when you dial the speed-dial number.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 61 Phone Book > Speed Dial LABEL DESCRIPTION # This field displays the speed-dial number you should dial to use this entry. Number This field displays the SIP number the ZyXEL Device calls when you dial the speed-dial number. Name This field displays the name of the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number. Destination This field is blank, if the speed-dial entry uses one of your SIP accounts.
Chapter 10 Voice 10.11 Incoming Call Policy Screen Use this screen to maintain rules for handling incoming calls. You can block, redirect, or accept them. To access this screen, click VoIP > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy. Figure 128 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy You can create two sets of call-forwarding rules. Each one is stored in a callforwarding table. Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 62 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy LABEL DESCRIPTION Busy Forward to Number Select this if you want the ZyXEL Device to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone number in the field on the right. If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.
Chapter 10 Voice 10.12 SIP Prefix Screen The SIP prefix screen allows you to set up numbers you dial on your phone to specify which SIP account you want to use for a call. If you dial only the phone number (no prefix number) the ZyXEL Device uses default SIP settings to make the call. Click VoIP > Phone Book > SIP Prefix. The following screen displays. Figure 129 Phone Book > SIP Prefix Each field is described in the following table.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 63 Phone Book > SIP Prefix LABEL DESCRIPTION SIP Prefix Phone Book This section displays all SIP prefix numbers currently configured on the ZyXEL Device. # This is a read-only index number. Prefix This field displays the SIP prefix number you dial (before you dial the phone number) in order to use the SIP account specified in the SIP Index field. SIP Index This field displays the SIP account used to make outgoing calls when you dial the number in the Prefix field.
Chapter 10 Voice signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can interface with traditional circuitswitched telephone networks. SIP Identities A SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A complete SIP identity is called a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP account's URI identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. The format of a SIP identity is SIPNumber@SIP-Service-Domain.
Chapter 10 Voice The ZyXEL Device attempts to register all enabled subscriber ports when it is switched on. When you enable a subscriber port that was previously disabled, the ZyXEL Device attempts to register the port immediately. Authorization Requirements SIP registrations (and subsequent SIP requests) require a username and password for authorization.
Chapter 10 Voice 2 The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C. Figure 131 SIP Proxy Server SIP Redirect Server A SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to an IP address and sends the translated IP address back to the device that sent the request. Then the client device that originally sent the request can send requests to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server. Redirect servers do not initiate SIP requests.
Chapter 10 Voice 3 Client device A then sends the call invitation to client device C. Figure 132 SIP Redirect Server SIP Register Server A SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register. RTP When you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 64 SIP Call Progression (continued) A B 3. OK 4. ACK 5.Dialogue (voice traffic) 6. BYE 7. OK 1 A sends a SIP INVITE request to B. This message is an invitation for B to participate in a SIP telephone call. 2 B sends a response indicating that the telephone is ringing. 3 B sends an OK response after the call is answered. 4 A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that B has answered the call. 5 Now A and B exchange voice media (talk).
Chapter 10 Voice The following figure shows the SIP and session traffic flow between the user agents (UA 1 and UA 2) and the proxy servers (this example shows two proxy servers, PROXY 1 and PROXY 2). Figure 133 SIP Call Through Proxy Servers PROXY 1 PROXY 2 SIP SIP SIP SIP & RTP UA 1 UA 2 The following table shows the SIP call progression.
Chapter 10 Voice 2 Proxy 1 sends a SIP INVITE request to Proxy 2. Proxy 2 sends a response indicating that it is trying to complete the request. 3 Proxy 2 sends a SIP INVITE request to User Agent 2. 4 User Agent 2 sends a response back to Proxy 2 indicating that the phone is ringing. The response is relayed back to User Agent 1 via Proxy 1. 5 User Agent 2 sends an OK response to Proxy 2 after the call is answered. This is also relayed back to User Agent 1 via Proxy 1.
Chapter 10 Voice Pulse dialing sends a series of clicks to the local phone office in order to dial numbers.3 MWI (Message Waiting Indication) Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a message–waiting (beeping) dial tone when you have a voice message(s). Your VoIP service provider must have a messaging system that sends message waiting status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.
Chapter 10 Voice 1 Pick up the phone and press “****” on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are in the configuration menu. 2 Press a number from 1201~1208 followed by the “#” key to listen to the tone. 3 You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are done.
Chapter 10 Voice DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
Chapter 10 Voice • Three-Way Conference • Internal Calls • Call Park and Pickup • Do not Disturb Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the ZyXEL Device's phone ports, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP service provider. The Flash Key Flashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred milliseconds) before releasing it.
Chapter 10 Voice Table 67 European Flash Key Commands SUBCOMMAND COMMAND DESCRIPTION Flash 3 Create three-way conference connection. Flash *98# Transfer the call to another phone. European Call Hold Call hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key. If you have another call, press the flash key and then “2” to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting either one on hold.
Chapter 10 Voice 3 After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone. European Three-Way Conference Use the following steps to make three-way conference calls. 1 When you are on the phone talking to someone, press the flash key to put the caller on hold and get a dial tone. 2 Dial a phone number directly to make another call. 3 When the second call is answered, press the flash key and press “3” to create a three-way conversation.
Chapter 10 Voice USA Call Waiting This allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number. If there is a second call to your telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone. Press the flash key to put the first call on hold and answer the second call. USA Call Transfer Do the following to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone. 1 Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
CHAPTER 11 Phone Usage 11.1 Overview This chapter describes how to use a phone connected to your ZyXEL Device for basic tasks. Note: Not all service providers support all features. 11.2 Dialing a Telephone Number The PHONE LED turns green when your SIP account is registered. Dial a SIP number like “12345” on your phone’s keypad. Use speed dial entries (see Section 10.10 on page 200) for peer-to-peer calls or SIP numbers that use letters. Dial the speed dial entry on your telephone’s keypad.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage 1 During the call, press “*97#” and then any number (up to 8 digits long). You need to remember this number in order to pick up the call on another phone. Hang up the receiver. 2 Pick up another phone’s receiver. Press “#97#” followed by the same number you entered before to continue the call. 11.5 Checking the ZyXEL Device’s IP Address Do the following to listen to the ZyXEL Device’s current IP address. 1 Pick up your phone’s receiver.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage 11.7 Phone Services Overview Supplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, and call transfer. are generally available from your VoIP service provider. The ZyXEL Device supports the following services: • Call Hold • Call Waiting • Making a Second Call • Call Transfer • Call Forwarding (see Section 10.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid subcommand, the current operation will be aborted. Table 69 European Flash Key Commands SUBCOMMAND COMMAND DESCRIPTION Flash Put a current call on hold to place a second call. Switch back to the call (if there is no second call). Flash 0 Drop the call presently on hold or reject an incoming call which is waiting for answer.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage • Disconnect the first call and answer the second call. Either press the flash key and press “1”, or just hang up the phone and then answer the phone after it rings. • Put the first call on hold and answer the second call. Press the flash key and then “2”. 11.7.2.3 European Call Transfer Do the following to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone. 1 Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid subcommand, the current operation will be aborted. Table 70 USA Flash Key Commands SUBCOMMAND COMMAND Flash DESCRIPTION Put a current call on hold to place a second call. After the second call is successful, press the flash key again to have a three-way conference call. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage 1 When you are on the phone talking to someone (party A), press the flash key to put the caller on hold and get a dial tone. 2 Dial a phone number directly to make another call (to party B). 3 When party B answers the second call, press the flash key to create a three-way conversation. 4 Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
Chapter 11 Phone Usage Table 71 Phone Functions Summary 228 ACTION FUNCTION DESCRIPTION *21# Enable call forward #21# Disable call forward Use these to allow you to use the call forwarding tables you set in the ZyXEL Device, or to turn this function off. See Section 10.11 on page 203. *22* Uncondition forward Forward all incoming calls. See Section 10.11 on page 203. *23* No answer forward Forward incoming calls if you do not answer. See Section 10.11 on page 203.
CHAPTER 12 Firewall 12.1 Overview Use the ZyXEL Device firewall screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your ZyXEL Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By default the firewall: • allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks. • blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN. The following figure illustrates the default firewall action.
Chapter 12 Firewall • Use the Threshold screen (Section 12.4 on page 241) to set the thresholds that the ZyXEL Device uses to determine when to start dropping sessions that do not become fully established (half-open sessions). 12.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall DoS Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources.
Chapter 12 Firewall 1 Click Security > Firewall > Rules. 2 Select WAN to LAN in the Packet Direction field. Figure 136 Firewall Example: Rules 3 In the Rules screen, select the index number after that you want to add the rule. For example, if you select “6”, your new rule becomes number 7 and the previous rule 7 (if there is one) becomes rule 8. 4 Click Add to display the firewall rule configuration screen.
Chapter 12 Firewall 8 Configure the destination address screen as follows and click Add. Figure 138 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address 9 232 Use the Add >> and Remove buttons between Available Services and Selected Services list boxes to configure it as follows. Click Apply when you are done.
Chapter 12 Firewall Note: Custom services show up with an “*” before their names in the Services list box and the Rules list box. Figure 139 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services On completing the configuration procedure for this Internet firewall rule, the Rules screen should look like the following.
Chapter 12 Firewall Rule 1 allows a “MyService” connection from the WAN to IP addresses 10.0.0.10 through 10.0.0.15 on the LAN. Figure 140 Firewall Example: Rules: MyService 12.2 The Firewall General Screen Use this screen to configure the firewall settings. Click Security > Firewall to display the following screen.
Chapter 12 Firewall The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 72 Security > Firewall > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Firewall Select this check box to activate the firewall. The ZyXEL Device performs access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Chapter 12 Firewall 12.3 The Firewall Rule Screen Note: The ordering of your rules is very important as rules are applied in turn. Refer to Section 12.5 on page 245 for more information. Click Security > Firewall > Rules to bring up the following screen. This screen displays a list of the configured firewall rules. Note the order in which the rules are listed. Figure 142 Security > Firewall > Rules The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 12 Firewall Table 73 Security > Firewall > Rules (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Source IP This drop-down list box displays the source addresses or ranges of addresses to which this firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any. Destination IP This drop-down list box displays the destination addresses or ranges of addresses to which this firewall rule applies. Please note that a blank source or destination address is equivalent to Any.
Chapter 12 Firewall Use this screen to configure firewall rules. In the Rules screen, select an index number and click Add or click a rule’s Edit icon to display this screen and refer to the following table for information on the labels.
Chapter 12 Firewall The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 74 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Edit Rule Active Select this option to enable this firewall rule. Action for Matched Packet Use the drop-down list box to select whether to discard (Drop), deny and send an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender of (Reject) or allow the passage of (Permit) packets that match this rule.
Chapter 12 Firewall Table 74 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Send Alert Message to Administrator When Matched Select the check box to have the ZyXEL Device generate an alert when the rule is matched. Back Click this to return to the previous screen without saving. Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings. 12.3.
Chapter 12 Firewall 12.3.3 Configuring a Customized Service Use this screen to add a customized rule or edit an existing rule. Click a rule number in the Firewall Customized Services screen to display the following screen. Figure 145 Security > Firewall > Rules: Edit: Edit Customized Services: Config The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 12 Firewall For TCP, half-open means that the session has not reached the established statethe TCP three-way handshake has not yet been completed. Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established.
Chapter 12 Firewall • If you often use P2P applications such as file sharing with eMule or eDonkey, it’s recommended that you increase the threshold values since lots of sessions will be established during a small period of time and the ZyXEL Device may classify them as DoS attacks. 12.4.2 Configuring Firewall Thresholds The ZyXEL Device also sends alerts whenever TCP Maximum Incomplete is exceeded. The global values specified for the threshold and timeout apply to all TCP connections.
Chapter 12 Firewall Table 77 Security > Firewall > Threshold (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION One Minute High This is the rate of new half-open sessions per minute that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions. When the rate of new connection attempts rises above this number, the ZyXEL Device deletes half-open sessions as required to accommodate new connection attempts.
Chapter 12 Firewall 12.5 Firewall Technical Reference This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter. 12.5.1 Firewall Rules Overview Your customized rules take precedence and override the ZyXEL Device’s default settings. The ZyXEL Device checks the source IP address, destination IP address and IP protocol type of network traffic against the firewall rules (in the order you list them).
Chapter 12 Firewall • WAN to WAN/ Router By default the ZyXEL Device stops computers on the WAN from managing the ZyXEL Device or using the ZyXEL Device as a gateway to communicate with other computers on the WAN. You could configure one of these rules to allow a WAN computer to manage the ZyXEL Device. Note: You also need to configure the remote management settings to allow a WAN computer to manage the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 12 Firewall 12.5.3 Security Considerations Note: Incorrectly configuring the firewall may block valid access or introduce security risks to the ZyXEL Device and your protected network. Use caution when creating or deleting firewall rules and test your rules after you configure them.
Chapter 12 Firewall route” (also called asymmetrical route) problem may occur. The steps below describe the “triangle route” problem. 1 A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending out a SYN packet to a receiving server on the WAN. 2 The ZyXEL Device reroutes the SYN packet through Gateway A on the LAN to the WAN. 3 The reply from the WAN goes directly to the computer on the LAN without going through the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 12 Firewall 2 The ZyXEL Device reroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2. 3 The reply from the WAN goes to the ZyXEL Device. 4 The ZyXEL Device then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1.
Chapter 12 Firewall 250 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 13 Content Filtering 13.1 Overview Internet content filtering allows you to block web sites based on keywords in the URL. 13.1.1 What You Can Do in the Content Filter Screens • Use the Keyword screen (Section 13.2 on page 254) to block web sites based on a keyword in the URL. • Use the Schedule screen (Section 13.3 on page 255) to specify the days and times keyword blocking is active. • Use the Trusted screen (Section 13.
Chapter 13 Content Filtering 13.1.4 Content Filtering Example The following shows the steps required for a parent (Bob) to set up content filtering on a home network in order to limit his children’s access to certain web sites. In the following example, all URLs containing the word ‘bad’ are blocked. 1 Click Security > Content Filter to display the following screen. 2 Select Active Keyword Blocking. 3 In the Keyword field type keywords to identify websites to be blocked.
Chapter 13 Content Filtering 4 Click Apply. Figure 152 Security > Content Filter > Schedule: Example The children can access the family computer in the living room, while only the parents use another computer in the study room. So keyword blocking is only needed on the family computer and the study computer can be excluded from keyword blocking. Bob’s home network is on the domain “192.168.1.xxx”. Bob gave his home computer a static IP address of 192.168.1.
Chapter 13 Content Filtering 13.2 The Keyword Screen Use this screen to block sites containing certain keywords in the URL. For example, if you enable the keyword "bad", the ZyXEL Device blocks all sites containing this keyword including the URL http://www.website.com/bad.html. To have your ZyXEL Device block websites containing keywords in their URLs, click Security > Content Filter. The screen appears as shown.
Chapter 13 Content Filtering Table 78 Security > Content Filtering > Keyword (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings. 13.3 The Schedule Screen Use this screen to set the days and times for the ZyXEL Device to perform content filtering. Click Security > Content Filter > Schedule. The screen appears as shown. Figure 155 Security > Content Filter > Schedule The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 13 Content Filtering Table 79 Security > Content Filter: Schedule (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click this to save your changes. Cancel Click this to restore your previously saved settings. 13.4 The Trusted Screen Use this screen to exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering on your ZyXEL Device. Click Security > Content Filter > Trusted. The screen appears as shown. Figure 156 Security > Content Filter: Trusted The following table describes the labels in this screen.
CHAPTER 14 VPN 14.1 Overview A virtual private network (VPN) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines. A secure VPN is a combination of tunneling, encryption, authentication, access control and auditing. It is used to transport traffic over the Internet or any insecure network that uses TCP/IP for communication.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.1.2 What You Need to Know About IPSec VPN A VPN tunnel is usually established in two phases. Each phase establishes a security association (SA), a contract indicating what security parameters the ZyXEL Device and the remote IPSec router will use. The first phase establishes an Internet Key Exchange (IKE) SA between the ZyXEL Device and remote IPSec router.
Chapter 14 VPN If the remote secure gateway has a static WAN IP address, enter it in the Secure Gateway Address field. You may alternatively enter the remote secure gateway’s domain name (if it has one) in the Secure Gateway Address field. You can also enter a remote secure gateway’s domain name in the Secure Gateway Address field if the remote secure gateway has a dynamic WAN IP address and is using DDNS.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.2 VPN Setup Screen The following figure helps explain the main fields in the web configurator. Figure 159 IPSec Summary Fields Remote Network Local Network Remote IPSec Router VPN Tunnel Remote IP Address Local IP Address My IP Address Secure Gateway IP Address Local and remote IP addresses must be static. Click Security > VPN to open the VPN Setup screen. This is a menu of your IPSec rules (tunnels). The IPSec summary menu is read-only.
Chapter 14 VPN The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 81 Security > VPN > Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION No. This is the VPN policy index number. Click a number to edit VPN policies. Active This field displays whether the VPN policy is active or not. A Yes signifies that this VPN policy is active. No signifies that this VPN policy is not active. Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.3 The VPN Edit Screen Click an Edit icon in the VPN Setup screen to edit VPN policies. Figure 161 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Setup Active 262 Select this check box to activate this VPN policy. This option determines whether a VPN rule is applied before a packet leaves the firewall.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Keep Alive Select either Yes or No from the drop-down list box. Select Yes to have the ZyXEL Device automatically reinitiate the SA after the SA lifetime times out, even if there is no traffic. The remote IPSec router must also have keep alive enabled in order for this feature to work. NAT Traversal This function is available if the VPN Protocol is ESP.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION End / Subnet Mask When the Local Address Type field is configured to Single, this field is N/A. When the Local Address Type field is configured to Range, enter the end (static) IP address, in a range of computers on the LAN behind your ZyXEL Device. When the Local Address Type field is configured to Subnet, this is a subnet mask on the LAN behind your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Content When you select IP in the Local ID Type field, type the IP address of your computer in the local Content field. The ZyXEL Device automatically uses the IP address in the My IP Address field (refer to the My IP Address field description) if you configure the local Content field to 0.0.0.0 or leave it blank. It is recommended that you type an IP address other than 0.0.0.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Secure Gateway Address Type the WAN IP address or the URL (up to 31 characters) of the IPSec router with which you're making the VPN connection. Set this field to 0.0.0.0 if the remote IPSec router has a dynamic WAN IP address (the IPSec Key Mode field must be set to IKE). In order to have more than one active rule with the Secure Gateway Address field set to 0.0.0.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 82 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Encryption Algorithm Select DES, 3DES, AES or NULL from the drop-down list box. When you use one of these encryption algorithms for data communications, both the sending device and the receiving device must use the same secret key, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code. The DES encryption algorithm uses a 56-bit key.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.4 Configuring Advanced IKE Settings Click Advanced Setup in the VPN Setup-Edit screen to open this screen. Figure 162 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit > Advanced Setup The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 83 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit > Advanced Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION VPN - IKE Advanced Setup 268 Protocol Enter 1 for ICMP, 6 for TCP, 17 for UDP, and so on. 0 is the default and signifies any protocol.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 83 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit > Advanced Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Remote Start Port 0 is the default and signifies any port. Type a port number from 0 to 65535. Some of the most common IP ports are: 21, FTP; 53, DNS; 23, Telnet; 80, HTTP; 25, SMTP; 110, POP3. End Enter a port number in this field to define a port range. This port number must be greater than that specified in the previous field. If Remote Start Port is left at 0, End will also remain at 0.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 83 Security > VPN > Setup > Edit > Advanced Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Phase 2 Active Protocol Use the drop-down list box to choose from ESP or AH. Encryption Algorithm This field is available when you select ESP in the Active Protocol field. Select DES, 3DES, AES or NULL from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.5 Manual Key Setup Manual key management is useful if you have problems with IKE key management. 14.5.1 Security Parameter Index (SPI) An SPI is used to distinguish different SAs terminating at the same destination and using the same IPSec protocol. This data allows for the multiplexing of SAs to a single gateway. The SPI (Security Parameter Index) along with a destination IP address uniquely identify a particular Security Association (SA).
Chapter 14 VPN 14.6 Configuring Manual Key You only configure VPN manual key when you select Manual in the IPSec Key Mode field on the VPN Setup-Edit screen. This is the VPN Setup - Manual Key screen as shown next. Figure 163 Security > VPN > Setup > Manual Key The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 84 Security > VPN > Setup > Manual Key LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Setup 272 Active Select this check box to activate this VPN policy.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 84 Security > VPN > Setup > Manual Key (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IPSec Key Mode Select IKE or Manual from the drop-down list box. Manual is a useful option for troubleshooting if you have problems using IKE key management. SPI Type a number (base 10) from 1 to 999999 for the Security Parameter Index. Encapsulation Mode Select Tunnel mode or Transport mode from the drop-down list box.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 84 Security > VPN > Setup > Manual Key (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address Start When the Remote Address Type field is configured to Single, enter a (static) IP address on the network behind the remote IPSec router. When the Remote Address Type field is configured to Range, enter the beginning (static) IP address, in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 84 Security > VPN > Setup > Manual Key (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Key Type a unique authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable. Enter 16 characters for MD5 authentication or 20 characters for SHA1 authentication. Any characters may be used, including spaces, but trailing spaces are truncated. Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.9.7 on page 283on keep alive to have the ZyXEL Device renegotiate an IPSec SA when the SA lifetime expires, even if there is no traffic. Figure 164 Security > VPN > Monitor The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 85 Security > VPN > Monitor 276 LABEL DESCRIPTION No This is the security association index number. Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy. Encapsulation This field displays Tunnel or Transport mode.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.8 Configuring VPN Global Setting To change your ZyXEL Device’s global settings, click VPN > VPN Global Setting. The screen appears as shown. Figure 165 Security > VPN > Global Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 86 Security > VPN > Global Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/ IP) NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP packets that enable a computer to find other computers.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.9.1 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows. Figure 166 IPSec Architecture IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms). The Encryption Algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES algorithms.
Chapter 14 VPN payload and headers, with a hash value appended to the packet. When using AH protocol, packet contents (the data payload) are not encrypted. A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn't match.
Chapter 14 VPN allows you to set up an IKE SA when there are NAT routers between the two IPSec routers. Figure 167 NAT Router Between IPSec Routers Internet B A Normally you cannot set up an IKE SA with a NAT router between the two IPSec routers because the NAT router changes the header of the IPSec packet. NAT traversal solves the problem by adding a UDP port 500 header to the IPSec packet. The NAT router forwards the IPSec packet with the UDP port 500 header unchanged.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.9.4 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode. Figure 168 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet. In Transport mode, the IP packet contains the security protocol (AH or ESP) located after the original IP header and options, but before any upper layer protocols contained in the packet (such as TCP and UDP).
Chapter 14 VPN 14.9.5 IKE Phases There are two phases to every IKE (Internet Key Exchange) negotiation – phase 1 (Authentication) and phase 2 (Key Exchange). A phase 1 exchange establishes an IKE SA and the second one uses that SA to negotiate SAs for IPSec. Figure 169 Two Phases to Set Up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must: • Choose a negotiation mode. • Authenticate the connection by entering a pre-shared key. • Choose an encryption algorithm. • Choose an authentication algorithm.
Chapter 14 VPN • Set the IPSec SA lifetime. This field allows you to determine how long the IPSec SA should stay up before it times out. The ZyXEL Device automatically renegotiates the IPSec SA if there is traffic when the IPSec SA lifetime period expires. The ZyXEL Device also automatically renegotiates the IPSec SA if both IPSec routers have keep alive enabled, even if there is no traffic.
Chapter 14 VPN cannot use DNS servers on the LAN or from the ISP since these DNS servers cannot resolve domain names to private IP addresses on the remote network The following figure depicts an example where three VPN tunnels are created from ZyXEL Device A; one to branch office 2, one to branch office 3 and another to headquarters. In order to access computers that use private domain names on the headquarters (HQ) network, the ZyXEL Device at branch office 1 uses the Intranet DNS server in headquarters.
Chapter 14 VPN With main mode (seeSection 14.9.6 on page 283), the ID type and content are encrypted to provide identity protection. In this case the ZyXEL Device can only distinguish between up to 12 different incoming SAs that connect from remote IPSec routers that have dynamic WAN IP addresses.
Chapter 14 VPN The two ZyXEL Devices in this example can complete negotiation and establish a VPN tunnel. Table 91 Matching ID Type and Content Configuration Example ZYXEL DEVICE A ZYXEL DEVICE B Local ID type: E-mail Local ID type: IP Local ID content: tom@yourcompany.com Local ID content: 1.1.1.2 Peer ID type: IP Peer ID type: E-mail Peer ID content: 1.1.1.2 Peer ID content: tom@yourcompany.
Chapter 14 VPN 14.9.12.1 Telecommuters Sharing One VPN Rule Example See the following figure and table for an example configuration that allows multiple telecommuters (A, B and C in the figure) to use one VPN rule to simultaneously access a ZyXEL Device at headquarters (HQ in the figure). The telecommuters do not have domain names mapped to the WAN IP addresses of their IPSec routers.
Chapter 14 VPN at headquarters can overlap. The local IP addresses of the rules configured on the telecommuters’ IPSec routers should not overlap. See the following table and figure for an example where three telecommuters each use a different VPN rule for a VPN connection with a ZyXEL Device located at headquarters. The ZyXEL Device at headquarters (HQ in the figure) identifies each incoming SA by its ID type and content and uses the appropriate VPN rule to establish the VPN connection.
Chapter 14 VPN Table 94 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example (continued) TELECOMMUTERS HEADQUARTERS Telecommuter B (telecommuterb.dydns.org) Headquarters ZyXEL Device Rule 2: Local ID Type: DNS Peer ID Type: DNS Local ID Content: telecommuterb.com Peer ID Content: telecommuterb.com Local IP Address: 192.168.3.2 Secure Gateway Address: telecommuterb.com Remote Address 192.168.3.2 Telecommuter C (telecommuterc.dydns.
Chapter 14 VPN 290 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 15 Certificates 15.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication. 15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Certificate Screens • Use the My Certificate screens (see Section 15.
Chapter 15 Certificates Public and Private Keys When using public-key cryptology for authentication, each host has two keys. One key is public and can be made openly available; the other key is private and must be kept secure. Public-key encryption in general works as follows. 1 Tim wants to send a private message to Jenny. Tim generates a public-private key pair. What is encrypted with one key can only be decrypted using the other. 2 Tim keeps the private key and makes the public key openly available.
Chapter 15 Certificates • The ZyXEL Device only has to store the certificates of the certification authorities that you decide to trust, no matter how many devices you need to authenticate. • Key distribution is simple and very secure since you can freely distribute public keys and you never need to transmit private keys. Self-signed Certificates You can have the ZyXEL Device act as a certification authority and sign its own certificates. 15.1.
Chapter 15 Certificates 3 Double-click the certificate’s icon to open the Certificate window. Click the Details tab and scroll down to the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. Figure 174 Certificate Details 4 294 Use a secure method to verify that the certificate owner has the same information in the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. The secure method may very based on your situation. Possible examples would be over the telephone or through an HTTPS connection.
Chapter 15 Certificates 15.2 My Certificates Click Security > Certificates > My Certificates to open the My Certificates screen. This is the ZyXEL Device’s summary list of certificates and certification requests. Certificates display in black and certification requests display in gray. Figure 175 Security > Certificates > My Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 95 Security > Certificates > My Certificates (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Chapter 15 Certificates 15.3 My Certificate Details Click Security > Certificates > My Certificates to open the My Certificates screen (see Figure 175 on page 295). Click the edit icon to open the My Certificate Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and change the certificate’s name. If it is a self-signed certificate, you can also set the ZyXEL Device to use the certificate to sign the imported trusted remote host certificates.
Chapter 15 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 96 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces). Property Default selfsigned certificate which signs the imported remote host certificates.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 96 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable. Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires.
Chapter 15 Certificates One exception is that you can import a PKCS#12 format certificate without a corresponding certification request since the certificate includes the private key. Note: Remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you import it. Certificate File Formats The certification authority certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats: • Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for X.509 certificates.
Chapter 15 Certificates 15.3.1 Using the My Certificate Import Screen Click Security > Certificates > My Certificates and then Import to open the My Certificate Import screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save an existing certificate to the ZyXEL Device. Figure 177 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Import The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 15 Certificates self-signed certificate, enroll a certificate with a certification authority or generate a certification request. Figure 178 Security > Certificates > My Certificate Create The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 98 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Create LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Name Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this certificate.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 98 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Create (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Organization Type up to 127 characters to identify the company or group to which the certificate owner belongs. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces. Country Type up to 127 characters to identify the nation where the certificate owner is located. You may use any character, including spaces, but the ZyXEL Device drops trailing spaces.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 98 Security > Certificates > My Certificates > Create (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION CA Certificate Select the certification authority’s certificate from the CA Certificate drop-down list box. You must have the certification authority’s certificate already imported in the Trusted CAs screen. Click Trusted CAs to go to the Trusted CAs screen where you can view (and manage) the ZyXEL Device's list of certificates of trusted certification authorities.
Chapter 15 Certificates trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities. Figure 179 Security > Certificates > Trusted CAs The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 99 Security > Certificates > Trusted CAs LABEL DESCRIPTION PKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. The bar turns from blue to red when the maximum is being approached.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 99 Security > Certificates > Trusted CAs (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION CRL Issuer This field displays Yes if the certification authority issues Certificate Revocation Lists for the certificates that it has issued and you have selected the Issues certificate revocation lists (CRL) check box in the certificate’s details screen to have the ZyXEL Device check the CRL before trusting any certificates issued by the certification authority. Otherwise the field displays “No”.
Chapter 15 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 100 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA > Import LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it. Browse Click Browse to find the certificate file you want to upload. Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save the certificate on the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 15 Certificates certification authority’s list of revoked certificates before trusting a certificate issued by the certification authority.
Chapter 15 Certificates The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 101 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA > Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this key certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 101 Security > Certificates > Trusted CA > Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Valid To This field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.
Chapter 15 Certificates 15.8 Trusted Remote Hosts Click Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts to open the Trusted Remote Hosts screen. This screen displays a list of the certificates of peers that you trust but which are not signed by one of the certification authorities on the Trusted CAs screen.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 102 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Subject This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information. Valid From This field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable.
Chapter 15 Certificates Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth information about the trusted remote host’s certificate and/or change the certificate’s name. Figure 183 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Details The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 103 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Details LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Name This field displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 103 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Details (continued) 314 LABEL DESCRIPTION Certificate Path These read-only fields display detailed information about the certificate. Type This field displays general information about the certificate. With trusted remote host certificates, this field always displays CA-signed. The ZyXEL Device is the Certification Authority that signed the certificate. X.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 103 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Details (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION SHA1 Fingerprint This is the certificate’s message digest that the ZyXEL Device calculated using the SHA1 algorithm. You cannot use this value to verify that this is the remote host’s actual certificate because the ZyXEL Device has signed the certificate; thus causing this value to be different from that of the remote hosts actual certificate. See Section 15.1.
Chapter 15 Certificates Note: The trusted remote host certificate must be a self-signed certificate; and you must remove any spaces from its filename before you can import it. Figure 184 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Import The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 104 Security > Certificates > Trusted Remote Hosts > Import LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse to find it.
Chapter 15 Certificates incoming certificate. If the certificate does not list a server or the listed server is not available, the ZyXEL Device checks the servers listed here. Figure 185 Security > Certificates > Directory Servers The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 105 Security > Certificates > Directory Servers LABEL DESCRIPTION PKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s PKI storage space that is currently in use.
Chapter 15 Certificates 15.12 Directory Server Add and Edit Click Security > Certificates > Directory Servers to open the Directory Servers screen. Click Add (or the details icon) to open the Directory Server Add screen. Use this screen to configure information about a directory server that the ZyXEL Device can access. Figure 186 Security > Certificates > Directory Server > Add The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 15 Certificates Table 106 Security > Certificates > Directory Server > Add LABEL DESCRIPTION Password Type the password (up to 31 ASCII characters) from the entity maintaining the directory server (usually a certification authority). Back Click Back to return to the Directory Servers screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to quit configuring this screen. A.
Chapter 15 Certificates 320 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 16 Static Route 16.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the ZyXEL Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes. For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN interface. The ZyXEL Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the ZyXEL Device’s default gateway (R1).
Chapter 16 Static Route 16.2 Configuring Static Route Click Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen. Figure 188 Advanced > Static Route The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 107 Advanced > Static Route LABEL DESCRIPTION # This is the number of an individual static route. Active This field indicates whether the rule is active or not. Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Chapter 16 Static Route 16.2.1 Static Route Edit Select a static route index number and click Edit. The screen shown next appears. Use this screen to configure the required information for a static route. Figure 189 Advanced > Static Route > Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 108 Advanced > Static Route > Edit LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. Route Name Enter the name of the IP static route.
Chapter 16 Static Route 324 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 17 802.1Q/1P 17.1 Overview A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. A VLAN group can be treated as an individual device. Each group can have its own rules about where and how to forward traffic. You can assign any ports on the ZyXEL Device to a VLAN group and configure the settings for the group. You may also set the priority level for traffic transmitted through the ports. Figure 190 802.1Q/1P 802.1Q Ports VLAN Groups 802.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the device on which they were created. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network. PVC A virtual circuit is a logical point-to-point circuit between customer sites.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P 17.1.3 802.1Q/1P Example This example shows how to configure the 802.1Q/1P settings on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 191 802.1Q/1P Example ZyXEL Device 1 1 VoIP Network 2 2 3 4 3 4 Internet - (PPPoE) Internet - (PPPoE) 5 6 7 8 LAN1 and LAN2 are connected to ATAs (Analog Telephone Adapters) and used for VoIP traffic.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P 6 Click Apply. Figure 192 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > Edit: Example To set a high priority for VoIP traffic, follow these steps. 328 1 Click Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port Setting to display the following screen. 2 Type 2 in the 802.1Q PVID column for LAN1, LAN2 and PVC1. 3 Select 7 from the 802.1P Priority drop-down list box for LAN1, LAN2 and PVC1.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P 4 Click Apply. Figure 193 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port Setting: Example Ports 3 and 4 are connected to desktop computers and are used for Internet traffic. You want to set a lower priority for this type of traffic, so you want to group these ports and PVC2 into one VLAN (VLAN3). PVC2 priority is set to low level of service. SSID1 and SSID2 are two wireless networks.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P Follow the same steps as in VLAN2 to configure the settings for VLAN3 and VLAN4. The summary screen should display as follows. Figure 194 Advanced > 802.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P The port screen should look like this. Figure 195 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port Setting: Example This completes the 802.1Q/1P setup.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P 17.2 The 802.1Q/1P Group Setting Screen Use this screen to activate 802.1Q/1P and display the VLAN groups. Click Advanced > 802.1Q/1P to display the following screen. Figure 196 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 109 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION 802.1P/1Q 332 Active Select this check box to activate the 802.1P/1Q feature. Management Vlan ID Enter the ID number of a VLAN group.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P Table 109 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Summary # This field displays the index number of the VLAN group. Name This field displays the name of the VLAN group. VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Port Number These columns display the VLAN’s settings for each port. A tagged port is marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN are marked as “–“.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P In the 802.1Q/1P screen, click the Edit button from the Modify filed to display the following screen. Figure 197 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 110 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > Edit 334 LABEL DESCRIPTION Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. The text may consist of up to 8 letters, numerals, “-”, “_” and “@”. VLAN ID Assign a VLAN ID for the VLAN group.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P Table 110 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Group Setting > Edit (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Control Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of the VLAN group. Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining the VLAN group. Tx Tag Select Tx Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing traffic transmitted through this VLAN. You select this if you want to create VLANs across different devices and not just the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 17 802.1Q/1P The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 111 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port Setting 336 LABEL DESCRIPTION Ports This field displays the types of ports available to join the VLAN group. 802.1Q PVID Assign a VLAN ID for the port. The valid VID range is between 1 and 4094. The ZyXEL Device assigns the PVID to untagged frames or priority-tagged frames received on this port, SSID, or PVC. 802.
CHAPTER 18 Quality of Service (QoS) This chapter contains information about configuring QoS, editing classifiers and viewing the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics. 18.1 Overview This chapter discusses the ZyXEL Device’s QoS screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device to use QoS for traffic management. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) • Use the Monitor screen (Section 18.4 on page 349) to view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS-related packet statistics. 18.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS QoS versus Cos QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) these two classes are assigned priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on the ZyXEL Device. Figure 199 QoS Example VoIP: Queue 6 DSL 50 Mbps Boss: Queue 5 IP=192.168.1.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Figure 201 QoS Class Example: VoIP -2 Figure 202 QoS Class Example: Boss -1 340 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Figure 203 QoS Class Example: Boss -2 18.2 The QoS General Screen Click Advanced > QoS to open the screen as shown next.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) priority to traffic according to the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length. Figure 204 Advanced > QoS > General The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 112 Advanced > QoS > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active QoS Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance. You can give priority to traffic that the ZyXEL Device forwards out through the WAN interface.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 112 Advanced > QoS > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your settings back to the ZyXEL Device. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. 18.3 The Class Setup Screen Use this screen to add, edit or delete classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 113 Advanced > QoS > Class Setup (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Priority This is the priority assigned to traffic of this classifier. Filter Content This shows criteria specified in this classifier. Modify Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the classifier. Click the Remove icon to delete an existing classifier. 344 Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) 18.3.1 The Class Configuration Screen Click the Add button or the Edit icon in the Modify field to configure a classifier.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) See Appendix E on page 531 for a list of commonly-used services. The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 114 Advanced > QoS > Class Setup > Add LABEL DESCRIPTION Class Configuration Active Select the check box to enable this classifier. Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces. Interface Select from which interface traffic of this class should come.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 114 Advanced > QoS > Class Setup > Add (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION 802.1Q Tag Select Same to keep the priority setting and VLAN ID of the frames. Select Auto to map the 802.1 priority level to the DSCP value automatically. Select Remove to delete the priority queue tag and VLAN ID of the frames. Select Mark to replace the 802.1 priority field and VLAN ID with the value you set in the fields below.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) Table 114 Advanced > QoS > Class Setup > Add (continued) LABEL MAC Mask DESCRIPTION Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC address should match. Enter “f” for each bit of the specified destination MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s).
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) 18.4 The QoS Monitor Screen To view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Advanced > QoS > Monitor. The screen appears as shown. Figure 207 Advanced > QoS > Monitor The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 115 Advanced > QoS > Monitor LABEL DESCRIPTION Priority Queue This shows the priority queue number.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) 18.5.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tag The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network. IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired.
Chapter 18 Quality of Service (QoS) gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested. Table 117 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping LAYER 2 LAYER 3 PRIORITY QUEUE IEEE 802.
CHAPTER 19 Dynamic DNS Setup This chapter discusses how to configure your ZyXEL Device to use Dynamic DNS. 19.1 Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in applications such as NetMeeting and CU-SeeMe). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.
Chapter 19 Dynamic DNS Setup 19.2 Configuring Dynamic DNS To change your ZyXEL Device’s DDNS, click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The screen appears as shown. See Section 19.1 on page 353 for more information. Figure 208 Advanced > Dynamic DNS The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 118 Advanced > Dynamic DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Dynamic DNS Setup Active Dynamic DNS Select this check box to use dynamic DNS. Service Provider This is the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Chapter 19 Dynamic DNS Setup Table 118 Advanced > Dynamic DNS (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable Wildcard Option Select the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard. Enable off line option This option is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field. Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider to have traffic redirected to a URL (that you can specify) while you are off line.
Chapter 19 Dynamic DNS Setup 356 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 20 Remote Management Configuration 20.1 Overview Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which ZyXEL Device interface (if any) from which computers.The following figure shows remote management of the ZyXEL Device coming in from the WAN. Figure 209 Remote Management From the WAN LAN WAN HTTP Internet Telnet Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the WAN, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow access.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The ZyXEL Device automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows. 1 Telnet 2 HTTP 20.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens • Use the WWW screen (Section 20.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Remote Management and NAT When NAT is enabled: • Use the ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. • Use the ZyXEL Device’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. System Timeout There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 119 Advanced > Remote Management > WWW LABEL DESCRIPTION Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 120 Advanced > Remote Management > Telnet LABEL DESCRIPTION Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 121 Advanced > Remote Management > FTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyXEL Device). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 122 SNMP Traps TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION 6a For intentional reboot: A trap is sent with the message "System reboot by user!" if reboot is done intentionally, (for example, download new files, CI command "sys reboot"). 6b For fatal error: A trap is sent with the message of the fatal code if the system reboots because of fatal errors. 20.5.1 Configuring SNMP To change your ZyXEL Device’s SNMP settings, click Advanced > Remote MGMT > SNMP.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 123 Advanced > Remote Management > SNMP LABEL DESCRIPTION Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the ZyXEL Device using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the ZyXEL Device using this service. Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the ZyXEL Device using this service.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration settings. This feature is not available when the ZyXEL Device is set to bridge mode. Figure 215 Remote Management: DNS The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 124 Remote Management: DNS LABEL DESCRIPTION Port The DNS service port number is 53 and cannot be changed here. Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may send DNS queries to the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Note: If you want your device to respond to pings and requests for unauthorized services, you may also need to configure the firewall anti probing settings to match. Figure 216 Advanced > Remote Management > ICMP The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 20 Remote Management Configuration Table 125 Advanced > Remote Management > ICMP 368 LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
CHAPTER 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 21.1 Overview Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use. 21.1.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP. See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT. Cautions with UPnP The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 21.2 The UPnP Screen Click Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next. See Section 21.1 on page 369 for more information. Figure 217 Advanced > UPnP > General The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 126 Advanced > UPnP > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Active the Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Feature Select this check box to activate UPnP.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) Installing UPnP in Windows Me Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me. 1 Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. 2 Click the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box. Click Details.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the Components selection box. Figure 219 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components 4 Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next. 5 Restart the computer when prompted. Installing UPnP in Windows XP Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP. 1 Click Start and Control Panel.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box. Figure 222 Networking Services 6 Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and click Next. 21.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 2 Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there were automatically created.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 4 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings. Figure 225 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings Figure 226 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add 5 378 When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be deleted automatically.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 6 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in the system tray. Figure 227 System Tray Icon 7 Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status. Figure 228 Internet Connection Status Web Configurator Easy Access With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the ZyXEL Device without finding out the IP address of the ZyXEL Device first.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 3 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Figure 229 Network Connections 4 380 An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 5 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen displays. Figure 230 Network Connections: My Network Places 6 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with basic information about the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 21 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) 382 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
P ART III Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications System (385) Logs (391) Tools (413) Diagnostic (433) Troubleshooting (437) Product Specifications (445) 383
CHAPTER 22 System 22.1 Overview This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval. 22.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens • Use the General screen (Section 22.2 on page 386) to configure system settings. • Use the Time Setting screen (Section 22.3 on page 388) to set the system time. 22.1.
Chapter 22 System 22.2 The General Screen Use the General screen to configure system settings such as the system and domain name, inactivity timeout interval and system password. The System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name". Find the system name of your Windows computer by following one of the steps below. • In Windows XP, click start, My Computer, View system information and then click the Computer Name tab.
Chapter 22 System Table 127 Maintenance > System > General LABEL DESCRIPTION Administrator Inactivity Timer Type how many minutes a management session (either via the web configurator or telnet) can be left idle before the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not recommended).
Chapter 22 System 22.3 The Time Setting Screen To change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the ZyXEL Device’s time based on your local time zone. Figure 233 Maintenance > System > Time Setting The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 128 Maintenance > System > Time Setting LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Time and Date Current Time This field displays the time of your ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 22 System Table 128 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION New Time This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually. (hh:mm:ss) When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time in this field and then click Apply. New Date (yyyy/mm/dd) This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually.
Chapter 22 System Table 128 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples: Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time.
CHAPTER 23 Logs 23.1 Overview The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or alerts to have the ZyXEL Device log and then display the logs or have the ZyXEL Device send them to an administrator (as e-mail) or to a syslog server. 23.1.1 What You Can Do in the Log Screens • Use the View Log screen (Section 23.2 on page 391) to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings screen. • Use The Log Settings screen (Section 23.
Chapter 23 Logs Log entries in red indicate alerts. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle indicates ascending or descending sort order. Figure 234 Maintenance > Logs > View Log The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 129 Maintenance > Logs > View Log LABEL DESCRIPTION Display The categories that you select in the Log Settings screen display in the drop-down list box.
Chapter 23 Logs and/or immediate alerts the ZyXEL Device is to record. See Section 23.1 on page 391 for more information. To change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings, click Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings. The screen appears as shown. Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full. Selecting many alert and/or log categories (especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent.
Chapter 23 Logs The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 130 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION E-mail Log Settings Mail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server for the e-mail addresses specified below. If this field is left blank, logs and alert messages will not be sent via E-mail. Mail Subject Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the log e-mail message that the ZyXEL Device sends.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 130 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Syslog IP Address Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that will log the selected categories of logs. Log Facility Select a location from the drop down list box. The log facility allows you to log the messages to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the syslog server manual for more information. Active Log and Alert Log Select the categories of logs that you want to record.
Chapter 23 Logs • "End of Log" message shows that a complete log has been sent. Figure 236 E-mail Log Example Subject: Firewall Alert From Date: Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42 From: user@zyxel.com To: user@zyxel.com 1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward | 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> | 2|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward | 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> | 3|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.6 To:10.10.10.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 132 System Maintenance Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION FTP login failed Someone has failed to log on to the router via ftp. NAT Session Table is Full! The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full. Starting Connectivity Monitor Starting Connectivity Monitor. Time initialized by Daytime Server The router got the time and date from the Daytime server.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 134 Access Control Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Firewall default policy: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the default policy’s setting.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 135 TCP Reset Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION Exceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the user-configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 138 CDR Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION board %d line %d channel %d, call %d, %s C01 Outgoing Call dev=%x ch=%x %s The router received the setup requirements for a call. “call” is the reference (count) number of the call. “dev” is the device type (3 is for dial-up, 6 is for PPPoE, 10 is for PPTP). "channel" or “ch” is the call channel ID.For example,"board 0 line 0 channel 0, call 3, C01 Outgoing Call dev=6 ch=0 "Means the router has dialed to the PPPoE server 3 times.
Chapter 23 Logs For type and code details, see Table 145 on page 402. Table 142 Attack Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION attack [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF attack. attack ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP attack. land [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF land attack. land ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP land attack.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 143 802.1X Logs (continued) LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION User logout because of user deassociation. The router logged out a user who ended the session. User logout because of no authentication response from user. The router logged out a user from which there was no authentication response. User logout because of idle timeout expired. The router logged out a user whose idle timeout period expired. User logout because of user request. A user logged out. No response from RADIUS.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 145 ICMP Notes (continued) TYPE CODE DESCRIPTION Source Quench 4 0 A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 147 SIP Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION SIP Registration Success by SIP:SIP Phone Number The listed SIP account was successfully registered with a SIP register server. SIP Registration Fail by SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to register the listed SIP account with a SIP register server was not successful. SIP UnRegistration Success by SIP:SIP Phone Number The listed SIP account’s registration was deleted from the SIP register server.
Chapter 23 Logs Table 150 FSM Logs: Callee Side LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION VoIP Call Start from SIP[SIP Port Number] A VoIP phone call came to the ZyXEL Device from the listed SIP number. VoIP Call Established Ph[Phone Port]
Chapter 23 Logs 406 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
CHAPTER 24 Call History 24.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device keeps track of when you use the phone ports for calls. 24.1.1 What You Can Do in the Call History Screens • Use the Summary screen (Section 24.2 on page 407) to view a summary of the calls performed via the ZyXEL Device within a certain period. • Use the Call History screen (Section 24.3 on page 408) to see the details of the calls performed on the ZyXEL Device. • Use the Call History Settings screen (Section 24.
Chapter 24 Call History The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 152 Maintenance > Call History > Summary LABEL DESCRIPTION Type of Summary This shows the time period. Start Time This shows the date when the period starts. End Time This shows the date when the period ends. Tx Packets This shows the number of voice packets the ZyXEL Device transmitted within this period. Rx Packets This shows the number of voice packets the ZyXEL Device received within this period.
Chapter 24 Call History The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 153 Maintenance > Call History > Call History LABEL DESCRIPTION View Call History Select a category of call records to view. Select All Call History to view any call records on the ZyXEL Device. Select Missed Calls to view only calls which were not answered on the ZyXEL Device. Select Dialed Calls to view only calls which were dialed from the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 24 Call History To change your ZyXEL Device’s call history settings, click Maintenance > Call History > Call History Settings. The screen appears as shown. Figure 239 Maintenance > Call History > Call History Settings The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Chapter 24 Call History Table 154 Maintenance > Call History > Call History Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Enable SMTP SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the message-exchange standard Authentication for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another. Select the check box to activate SMTP authentication if your mail server requests you to log in to receive or send e-mails.
Chapter 24 Call History Table 154 Maintenance > Call History > Call History Settings LABEL DESCRIPTION Summary of Call History Settings Start Date of Every Month Select which day of a month (from 1 to 28) on which the “Last Month” summary of call history (displays in the Summary screen) starts. Apply Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen. Ó Cancel 412 Click Cancel to return to the previously saved settings.
CHAPTER 25 Tools Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your ZyXEL Device. 25.1 Overview Use the instructions in this chapter to change the device’s configuration file or upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the configuration file to a computer. That way if you later misconfigure the device, you can upload the backed up configuration file to return to your previous settings.
Chapter 25 Tools arrives from ZyXEL with a “rom” filename extension. Once you have customized the ZyXEL Device's settings, they can be saved back to your computer under a filename of your choosing. ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System sometimes referred to as the “ras” file) is the system firmware and has a “bin” filename extension. Find this firmware at www.zyxel.com.With many FTP and TFTP clients, the filenames are similar to those seen next. ftp> put firmware.
Chapter 25 Tools 1 The firewall is active (turn the firewall off or create a firewall rule to allow access from the WAN). 2 You have disabled the FTP service in the Remote Management screen. 3 The IP you entered in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP. If it does not match, the device will disallow the FTP session immediately. 25.1.
Chapter 25 Tools FTP and TFTP Firmware and Configuration File Uploads These examples show you how to upload firmware and configuration files. Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your device. FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. The following sections give examples of how to upload the firmware and the configuration files.
Chapter 25 Tools More commands (found in GUI-based FTP clients) are listed in this chapter. Refer to Section 25.1.2 on page 413 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN. TFTP File Upload The device also supports the uploading of firmware files using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) over LAN. Although TFTP should work over WAN as well, it is not recommended. To use TFTP, your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients.
Chapter 25 Tools Using the FTP Commands to Back Up Configuration 1 Launch the FTP client on your computer. 2 Enter “open”, followed by a space and the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. 3 Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. 4 Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). 5 Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. 6 Use “get” to transfer files from the ZyXEL Device to the computer, for example, “get rom-0 config.
Chapter 25 Tools Configuration Backup Using GUI-based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUIbased FTP clients. Table 156 General Commands for GUI-based FTP Clients COMMAND DESCRIPTION Host Address Enter the address of the host server. Login Type Anonymous. This is when a user I.D. and password is automatically supplied to the server for anonymous access. Anonymous logins will work only if your ISP or service administrator has enabled this option.
Chapter 25 Tools Note that the telnet connection must be active before and during the TFTP transfer. For details on TFTP commands (see following example), please consult the documentation of your TFTP client program. For UNIX, use “get” to transfer from the ZyXEL Device to the computer and “binary” to set binary transfer mode. TFTP Command Configuration Backup Example The following is an example TFTP command: tftp [-i] host get rom-0 config.
Chapter 25 Tools Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress! Figure 243 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware Upgrade The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 158 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware Upgrade LABEL DESCRIPTION Current Firmware Version This is the present Firmware version and the date created. File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click Browse... to find the .
Chapter 25 Tools After you see the Firmware Upload in Progress screen, wait two minutes before logging into the ZyXEL Device again. Figure 244 Firmware Upload In Progress The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop. Figure 245 Network Temporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the Status screen.
Chapter 25 Tools 25.3 The Configuration Screen See Section 25.5 on page 426 and Section on page 415 for transferring configuration files using FTP/TFTP commands. Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen, as shown next.
Chapter 25 Tools Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration file from your computer to your ZyXEL Device. Table 159 Restore Configuration LABEL DESCRIPTION File Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browse ... to find it. Browse... Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Chapter 25 Tools If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen. Figure 250 Configuration Upload Error 25.3.1 Reset to Factory Defaults Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the ZyXEL Device to its factory defaults. The following warning screen appears.
Chapter 25 Tools 25.4 Restart System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off. Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the ZyXEL Device reboot. This does not affect the ZyXEL Device's configuration. Figure 253 Maintenance > Tools > Restart Screen 25.5 Using FTP or TFTP to Back Up Configuration This section covers how to use FTP or TFTP to save your device’s configuration file to your computer. 25.5.
Chapter 25 Tools 25.5.2 FTP Command Configuration Backup Example This figure gives an example of using FTP commands from the DOS command prompt to save your device’s configuration onto your computer. Figure 254 FTP Session Example 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit 25.5.
Chapter 25 Tools To use TFTP, your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients. To backup the configuration file, follow the procedure shown next. 1 Use telnet from your computer to connect to the ZyXEL Device and log in. Because TFTP does not have any security checks, the ZyXEL Device records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address. 2 Enter command “sys stdio 0” to disable the management idle timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted.
Chapter 25 Tools 25.5.6 Configuration Backup Using GUI-based TFTP Clients The following table describes some of the fields that you may see in GUI-based TFTP clients. Table 161 General Commands for GUI-based TFTP Clients COMMAN D DESCRIPTION Host Enter the IP address of the ZyXEL Device. 192.168.1.1 is the ZyXEL Device’s default IP address when shipped. Send/ Fetch Use “Send” to upload the file to the ZyXEL Device and “Fetch” to back up the file on your computer.
Chapter 25 Tools 25.6.1 Restore Using FTP Session Example Figure 255 Restore Using FTP Session Example ftp> put config.rom rom-0 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR rom-0 226 File received OK 221 Goodbye for writing flash ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 0.06Seconds 273.07Kbytes/sec. ftp>quit Refer to Section on page 414 to read about configurations that disallow TFTP and FTP over WAN. 25.
Chapter 25 Tools 6 Use “put” to transfer files from the computer to the device, for example, “put firmware.bin ras” transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.bin) to the device and renames it “ras”. Similarly, “put config.rom rom-0” transfers the configuration file on your computer (config.rom) to the device and renames it “rom-0”. Likewise “get rom-0 config.rom” transfers the configuration file on the device to your computer and renames it “config.rom.
Chapter 25 Tools 2 Enter the command “sys stdio 0” to disable the management idle timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not be interrupted. Enter “command sys stdio 5” to restore the five-minute management idle timeout (default) when the file transfer is complete. 3 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the device. Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer. 4 Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the device and the computer.
CHAPTER 26 Diagnostic 26.1 Overview These read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXEL Device. 26.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens • Use the General Diagnostic screen (Section 26.2 on page 433) to ping an IP address. • Use the DSL Line Diagnostic screen (Section 26.3 on page 434) to view the DSL line statistics and reset the ADSL line. 26.2 The General Diagnostic Screen Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next.
Chapter 26 Diagnostic The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 162 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General LABEL DESCRIPTION TCP/IP Address Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a connection. Ping Click this button to ping the IP address that you entered. 26.3 The DSL Line Diagnostic Screen Click Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line to open the screen shown next.
Chapter 26 Diagnostic The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 163 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line LABEL DESCRIPTION ATM Status Click this button to view your DSL connection’s Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) statistics. ATM is a networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed.
Chapter 26 Diagnostic Table 163 Maintenance > Diagnostic > DSL Line (continued) LABEL DESCRIPTION DSL Line Status Click this button to view statistics about the DSL connections. noise margin downstream is the signal to noise ratio for the downstream part of the connection (coming into the ZyXEL Device from the ISP). It is measured in decibels. The higher the number the more signal and less noise there is.
CHAPTER 27 Troubleshooting 27.1 Overview This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories. • Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs • ZyXEL Device Access and Login • Internet Access • Phone Calls and VoIP 27.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs The ZyXEL Device does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on. 1 Make sure the ZyXEL Device is turned on.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.4 on page 28. 2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide. 3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. 4 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 5 If the problem continues, contact the vendor. 27.3 ZyXEL Device Access and Login I forgot the IP address for the ZyXEL Device. 1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 485. 4 If you disabled Any IP (Section 7.2.1 on page 124), make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the ZyXEL Device. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the ZyXEL Device, skip this step.) • If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. See Appendix A on page 459.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting I cannot Telnet to the ZyXEL Device. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new firmware. See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser. 27.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 2 Turn the ZyXEL Device off and on. 3 If the problem continues, contact your ISP. The Internet connection is slow or intermittent. 1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.4 on page 28. If the ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications. 2 Check the signal strength.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting 1 The PHONE light should come on. Make sure that your telephone is connected to the PHONE port. 2 You can also check the VoIP status in the Status screen. 3 If the VoIP settings are correct, use speed dial to make peer-to-peer calls. If you can make a call using speed dial, there may be something wrong with the SIP server, contact your VoIP service provider. 27.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting In the next example, phone port 1 is configured to use SIP account 1 and phone port 2 is configured to use SIP account 2. In this case, every time you place a call through phone port 1, you are using your SIP account 1. Similarly, every time you place a call through phone port 2, you are using your SIP account 2. To apply these configuration changes you need to configure the Analog Phone screen. See Section 10.5 on page 194.
Chapter 27 Troubleshooting SIP account 2, the phones connected to both phone port 1 and phone port 2 ring. In either case you are not sure which SIP account the call is coming from. Figure 261 Incoming Calls: Default PHONE 1 SIP 1 Internet PHONE 2 SIP 2 In the next example, phone port 1 is configured to use SIP account 1 and phone port 2 is configured to use SIP account 2 for incoming calls. In this case, every time you receive a call from your SIP account 1, the phone connected to phone port 1 rings.
CHAPTER 28 Product Specifications The following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Firmware Specifications Table 165 Firmware Specifications Default IP Address 192.168.1.1 Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits) Default User Name admin DHCP Server IP Pool Starting Address: 192.168.1.33 Size: 32 Static DHCP Addresses 10 Content Filtering Web page blocking by URL keyword. Static Routes 16 Device Management Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on the ZyXEL Device.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 165 Firmware Specifications (continued) IP Multicast IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The ZyXEL Device supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236). Time and Date Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your ZyXEL Device. You can also set the time manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 165 Firmware Specifications (continued) Multiple PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuits) Support Your device supports one Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs). IP Alias IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 165 Firmware Specifications (continued) Other Protocol Support PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) link layer protocol Transparent bridging for unsupported network layer protocols RIP I/RIP II ICMP ATM QoS SNMP v1 and v2c with MIB II support (RFC 1213) IP Multicasting IGMP v1 and v2 IGMP Proxy Management Embedded Web Configurator CLI (Command Line Interpreter) SNMP v1 & v2c with MIB II Embedded FTP/TFTP Server for firmware upgrade and configuration file backup and resto
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 166 Voice Features Call Park and Pickup Call park and pickup lets you put a call on hold (park) and then continue the call (pickup). The caller must still pay while the call is parked. When you park the call, you enter a number of your choice (up to eight digits), which you must enter again when you pick up the call. If you do not enter the correct number, you cannot pickup the call.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 166 Voice Features Call forwarding With this feature, you can set the ZyXEL Device to forward calls to a specified number, either unconditionally (always), when your number is busy, or when you do not answer. You can also forward incoming calls from one specified number to another. Caller ID The ZyXEL Device supports caller ID, which allows you to see the originating number of an incoming call (on a phone with a suitable display).
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 166 Voice Features SIP ALG Your device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to pass through NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software application on a computer). Other Voice Features SIP version 2 (Session Initiatiion Protocol RFC 3261) SDP (Session Description Protocol RFC 2327) RTP (RFC 1889) RTCP (RFC 1890) Voice codecs (coder/decoders) G.711, G.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 167 Wireless Features WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup Other Wireless Features IEEE 802.11g Compliance Frequency Range: 2.4 GHz ISM Band Advanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Data Rates: 54Mbps, 11Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 2Mbps, and 1 Mbps Auto Fallback Turn on-off WLAN by WLAN button (press the WLAN button for one second to turn the WLAN on or turn off; five seconds to turn on WPS) IEEE 802.11i IEEE 802.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 168 Standards Supported (continued) STANDARD DESCRIPTION RFC 2408 Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE) RFC 2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5. RFC 2766 Network Address Translation - Protocol IEEE 802.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications Table 169 Power Adaptor Specifications (continued) EUROPEAN PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adapter Model MV18-Y180100-C5 Input Power 230V~50Hz 0.5A UNITED KINGDOM PLUG STANDARDS AC Power Adapter Model MV18-Y180100-B2 Input Power 230V~50Hz 0.5A Wall-mounting Instructions Do the following to hang your ZyXEL Device on a wall. Note: See Table 164 on page 445 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them.
Chapter 28 Product Specifications The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm).
P ART IV Appendices and Index Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address (459) Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (485) IP Addresses and Subnetting (495) Wireless LANs (507) Common Services (531) Legal Information (535) Index (537) 457
APPENDIX A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Note: Your specific ZyXEL device may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported. This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 1 Click Start > Control Panel. Figure 265 Windows XP: Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Figure 267 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties 4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens. Figure 269 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties 6 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically. Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. Windows Vista This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional. 1 Click Start > Control Panel.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon. Figure 272 Windows Vista: Network And Internet 4 Click Manage network connections. Figure 273 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center 5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties. Figure 274 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens. Figure 276 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties 8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information. Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. Figure 277 Mac OS X 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon. Figure 278 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure. Figure 279 Mac OS X 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab. Figure 280 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab. 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually. • In the IP Address field, type your IP address. • In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address • In the Router field, type the IP address of your device. Figure 281 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet 6 Click Apply Now and close the window. Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab. Figure 282 Mac OS X 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Mac OS X: 10.5 The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5. 1 Click Apple > System Preferences. Figure 283 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu 2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon. Figure 284 Mac OS X 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types. Figure 285 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet 4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings. 5 For statically assigned settings, do the following: • From the Configure list, select Manually. • In the IP Address field, enter your IP address. • In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address • In the Router field, enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device. Figure 286 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet 6 Click Apply and close the window.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab. Figure 287 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 1 Click System > Administration > Network. Figure 288 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu 2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button. Figure 290 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication 4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 5 The Properties dialog box opens. Figure 292 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties • In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. • In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 293 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS 8 Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly. Figure 294 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST). Figure 295 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu 2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK. Figure 296 openSUSE 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon. Figure 297 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center 4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. Figure 298 openSUSE 10.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab Figure 299 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup 6 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address. Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields. 7 482 Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address 8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 300 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings 9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address Verifying Settings Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information. Figure 301 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.
APPENDIX B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions In order to use the web configurator you need to allow: • Web browser pop-up windows from your device. • JavaScripts (enabled by default). • Java permissions (enabled by default). Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary. Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy. 2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 304 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Click Apply to save this setting. Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 2 Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen. Figure 305 Internet Options: Privacy 3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites. Figure 306 Pop-up Blocker Settings 5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6 Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScripts If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 307 Internet Options: Security 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Scripting. 4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 6 Click OK to close the window. Figure 308 Security Settings - Java Scripting Java Permissions 490 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button. 3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM. 4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 5 Click OK to close the window. Figure 309 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun) 1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 3 Click OK to close the window. Figure 310 Java (Sun) Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascripts and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions 494 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX C IP Addresses and Subnetting This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (such as computers, servers, routers, and printers) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts. Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 313 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits. Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Notation Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 314 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25). The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B. Figure 315 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 174 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE IP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0 IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000 Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Example: Eight Subnets Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Table 180 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning (continued) NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. HOSTS PER NO. SUBNETS SUBNET 3 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8 8190 4 255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094 5 255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046 6 255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022 7 255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510 8 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254 9 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126 10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62 11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30 12 255.255.255.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting Private IP Addresses Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks: • 10.0.0.0 • 172.16.0.0 — 10.255.255.255 — 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 — 192.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 316 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example Conflicting Router IP Addresses Example Since a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets.
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the router’s LAN port.
APPENDIX D Wireless LANs Wireless LAN Topologies This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies. Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
Appendix D Wireless LANs with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other. Figure 320 Basic Service Set ESS An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS). This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN.
Appendix D Wireless LANs An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate. Figure 321 Infrastructure WLAN Channel A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area.
Appendix D Wireless LANs wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other. Figure 322 RTS/CTS When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Fragmentation Threshold A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames. A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.
Appendix D Wireless LANs several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows: Table 181 IEEE 802.11g DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION 1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed) 2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) 5.
Appendix D Wireless LANs IEEE 802.1x In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are: • User based identification that allows for roaming.
Appendix D Wireless LANs • Access-Challenge Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting: • Accounting-Request Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
Appendix D Wireless LANs However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Dynamic WEP Key Exchange The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed. If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen.
Appendix D Wireless LANs If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not. Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2. Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x.
Appendix D Wireless LANs keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP) User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 4 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. Figure 323 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example WPA(2)-PSK Application Example A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 4 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them. Figure 324 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication Security Parameters Summary Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Antenna Overview An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna Characteristics Frequency An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.
Appendix D Wireless LANs • Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb.
Appendix D Wireless LANs Push Button Configuration WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information. Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button. Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 1 Decide which device you want to be the registrar (usually the AP) and which you want to be the enrollee (usually the client). 2 Look for the enrollee’s WPS PIN; it may be displayed on the device. If you don’t see it, log into the enrollee’s configuration interface and locate the PIN. Select the PIN connection mode (not PBC connection mode). See the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 8.5 on page 152.
Appendix D Wireless LANs The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method. Figure 325 Example WPS Process: PIN Method ENROLLEE REGISTRAR WPS This device’s WPS PIN: 123456 WPS Enter WPS PIN from other device: WPS START WPS START WITHIN 2 MINUTES SECURE EAP TUNNEL SSID WPA(2)-PSK COMMUNICATION How WPS Works When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
Appendix D Wireless LANs already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly. The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.
Appendix D Wireless LANs subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults. Example WPS Network Setup This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup. The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee.
Appendix D Wireless LANs In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Appendix D Wireless LANs • When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network. You can easily check to see if this has happened.
Appendix D Wireless LANs 530 P-2612HW Series User’s Guide
APPENDIX E Common Services The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/ code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. • Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like. • Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service.
Appendix E Common Services Table 185 Commonly Used Services (continued) 532 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service. FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on. FTP TCP 20 TCP 21 File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail. H.
Appendix E Common Services Table 185 Commonly Used Services (continued) NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel. PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel. RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
Appendix E Common Services Table 185 Commonly Used Services (continued) 534 NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution.
APPENDIX F Legal Information Copyright Copyright © 2009 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Appendix F Legal Information Viewing Certifications 1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page. 3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page. ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase.
Index Index gain 521 omni-directional 522 Numerics 802.11 mode 148 anti-probing 230 802.
Index call park and pickup 450 content filtering 251, 447 activation 254 example 252 keywords 254 schedules 255 trusted IP addresses 256 URL 251 call return 450 Continuous Bit Rate, see CBR call service mode 217, 219, 223, 225 copyright 535 call transfer 218, 220, 225, 226 CoS 215, 351 call waiting 218, 220, 224, 226, 450 country code 450 caller ID 451 CTS (Clear to Send) 510 CBR 105, 110 customized services 239, 240, 241 certificate creation 301 details 297 factory default 295 D C CA 291,
Index Do not Disturb, see DnD external authentication server 147 domain name system, see DNS external RADIUS 453 DoS 230 three-way handshake 242 thresholds 230, 241, 242, 243 DS (Differentiated Services) 351 DS field 216, 351 DSCP 215, 351 DSL firmware version 90 DSL line, reinitialize 436 DSL mode 91 DSL/WAN switch 102 DTMF 213 detection and generation 452 Dual-Tone MultiFrequency, see DTMF dynamic DNS 353 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, see DHCP dynamic jitter buffer 451 dynamic secure gateway ad
Index flashing 217, 223 IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN 452 fragmentation threshold 148, 511 IEEE 802.11i 452 frequency range 453 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 216 FTP 172, 361 file upload 416, 430 restrictions 414 IGMP 125, 133 FTP restrictions 414 IGMP v2 449 IGMP proxy 449 IGMP v1 449 IKE phases 282 importing certificates 301 G importing trusted CAs 306 G.168 195, 451 Independent Basic Service Set, see IBSS G.711 452 initialization vector (IV) 517 G.729 452 inside header 281 G.992.1 448 G.992.
Index NAT 278 see also VPN standard 447 Telnet 27 using FTP. See FTP. Maximum Burst Size, see MBS IPSec VPN capability 447 maximum incomplete 244 ISP 100 Maximum Transmission Unit, see MTU ITU-T 195 MBS 105, 111, 117 ITU-T G.992.
Index Network Basic Input/Output System, see NetBIOS non-proxy calls 200 PPP over Ethernet 448 PPP over Ethernet, see PPPoE PPPoE 100, 114, 447 benefits 114 preamble 148 O preamble mode 511 pre-shared key 286 OAM 448 probing, firewalls 230 OK response 211, 213 product registration 536 operation humidity 445 profile 63 operation temperature 445 protocol 100 output power 148 PSK 155, 517 outside header 281 PSTN call setup signaling 213 pulse dialing 214 PVC 326 P PVID 336 P2P 243 packet dire
Index NAT 359 Telnet 360 secure gateway address 258 security associations, see VPN REN 451 Security Parameter Index 271 Request To Send, see RTS security, network 246 RESET button 29 server 183, 389 restore configuration 415, 424, 429 service set 141, 150 RFC 1483 114, 448 Service Set IDentification, see SSID RFC 1631 169 Service Set IDentity, see SSID RFC 1889 210, 452 Session Description Protocol 452 RFC 1890 452 Session Initiation Protocol, see SIP RFC 2327 452 setup 222 RFC 2364 448
Index static route 321 trusted CAs, and certificates 304 status 89 TTLS 453 status indicators 28 tunnel mode 281 storage humidity 445 tutorial NAT 66, 83 VoIP 84 wireless 57 storage temperature 445 SUA 170 subnet 495 subnet mask 131, 496 Type of Service, see ToS subnetting 498 supplementary services 216, 223 Sustained Cell Rate, see SCR switch 102 syntax conventions 5 system name 90, 386 system timeout 359 U UBR 105, 110 Uniform Resource Identifier 207 Universal Plug and Play 369 application 370
Index example 327 group 216 group settings 333 ID 216 ID tags 216 management group 332 port settings 335 PVC 326 PVID 336 tagging frames 326, 335 voice activity detection 195, 451 voice channels 451 voice coding 213 VoIP 206 features 27 peer-to-peer calls 200 standards compliance 451 tutorial 84 wizard setup 51 VoIP features 27 VPI 102, 115 VPI & VCI 115 VPN 257, 447 established in two phases 258 IPSec 257 security associations (SA) 258 see also IKE SA, IPSec SA W WAN MTU 105, 111 Wide Area Network, see WA
Index key caching 518 pre-authentication 518 user authentication 518 vs WPA-PSK 517 wireless client supplicant 518 with RADIUS application example 518 WPA2 516 user authentication 518 vs WPA2-PSK 517 wireless client supplicant 518 with RADIUS application example 518 WPA2-Pre-Shared Key, see WPA2-PSK WPA2-PSK 516, 517 application example 519 WPA-PSK 49, 144, 517 application example 519 Z ZyNOS 414 F/W version 414 firmware version 90 ZyXEL Network Operating System, see ZyNOS 546 P-2612HW Series User’s Guid
Index P-2612HW Series User’s Guide 547
