Command Reference Guide

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
/build/1111/BRICK/man1/!!!intro.1
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g
gprof(1) gprof(1)
NAME
gprof - display call graph profile data
SYNOPSIS
gprof [options][a.out [gmon.out ...]] [shared_library shared_library_profile]
DESCRIPTION
The gprof command produces an execution profile of C++, C, Pascal, and FORTRAN programs. The
effect of called routines is incorporated into the profile of each caller. Profile data is taken from the call
graph profile file (gmon.out default) that is created by programs compiled with the -G option of aCC, CC,
cc, pc, and f77. That option also links in versions of the library routines that are compiled for profiling.
The symbol table in the named object file (a.out default) is read and correlated with the call graph profile
file. If more than one profile file is specified, gprof output shows the sum of the profile information in the
given profile files.
First, a flat profile is given, similar to that provided by prof (see prof(1)). This listing gives the total exe-
cution times and call counts for each function in the program, sorted by decreasing time.
Next, these times are propagated along the edges of the call graph.
gprof discovers all cycles in the call
graph. All calls made into the cycle share the time of that cycle. A second listing shows the functions
sorted according to the time they represent including the time of their call graph descendants. Below each
function entry is shown its (direct) call graph children, and how their times are propagated to this function.
A similar display above the function shows how the time of this function and the time of its descendants are
propagated to its (direct) call graph parents.
Cycles are also shown, with an entry for the cycle as a whole and a listing of the members of the cycle, each
with their contributions to the time and call counts of the cycle.
Shared Library Profiling (32-bit only)
Support for
gprof profiling of shared libraries is availableon 32-bit systems only.
To profile shared libraries, set the environment variable LD_PROFILE to the path of the shared library to
be profiled. (See HP-UX Linker and Libraries Online User’s Guide for details.) Do not use the
-G option to
compile programs for shared libraries profiling. Do not link the executable
gcrt0.o or mcrt0.o. This
turns on profiling of
a.out, which is not compatible with profiling of shared libraries. You can either
profile your executable or a shared library, but not both.
At the termination of the program, a profile file with the name of the shared library prepended to it is gen-
erated by a run-time library. To get the complete listing, provide the gprof command with names of the
shared library and the profile file for the shared library as arguments.
Options
The
gprof command recognizes the following options:
-a Suppress printing statically declared functions. If this option is given, all relevant
information about the static function (such as time samples, calls to other functions,
and calls from other functions) belongs to the function loaded just before the static
function in the a.out file.
-b Suppress printing a description of each field in the profile.
-e name Suppress printing the graph profile entry for routine name and all its descendants
(unless they have other ancestors that are not suppressed). More than one -e option
can be given. Only one name can be given with each -e option.
-E name Suppress printing the graph profile entry for routine name (and its descendants) as -
e
above, and also exclude the time spent in name (and its descendants) from the total
and percentage time computations. -E mcount -E mcleanup is the default.
-f name Print only the graph profile entry of the specified routine name and its descendants.
More than one -f option can be given. Only one name can be given with each -f
option.
-F name Print only the graph profile entry of the routine name and its descendants (as -f
above) and also use only the times of the printed routines in total time and percentage
computations. More than one -F option can be given. Only one name can be given
with each -F option. The -F option overrides the -E option.
Section 1−−336 − 1 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000
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